836 
Bolshevism  in  Pharmacy. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Dec,  1918. 
spice  and  cheap  corner  grocery  shops,  thus  robbing  the  druggist  of 
a  source  of  profit  that  he  is  justly  entitled  to. 
3.  The  sale  of  sundries,  such  as  sealing  wax,  fumigating  pas- 
tilles, paper,  ink  and  pens,  is  now  taking  place  in  common  huckster 
shops. 
4.  The  sugar  dealers  are  not  only  selling  confections  but  also  all 
kinds  of  fruit  juices  and  all  such  preserves  as  do  not  deterioriate  in 
the  course  of  a  year. 
These  same  Nuremburg  pharmacists  stated  that  "many  of  our 
brethren  have  matriculated  at  universities,  some  have  attended  acad- 
emies and  others  have  even  graduated  as  doctors.  We  consider  that 
our  profession  is  not  a  trade  but  is  in  reality  a  free  art." 
In  the  eighteenth  century  the  pharmacists  were  held  in  derision 
for  their  claim  to  professional  recognition,  by  Professor  Hoffmann, 
one  of  the  early  professors  of  the  University  of  Halle,  who  stated 
their  scope  of  knowledge  in  the  following  way : 
"  The  apothecary  should  know  that  an  acid  and  an  alkali,  when 
brought  into  contact,  will  effervesce.  It  will  suffice  if  he  but  know 
the  effect  although  he  may  be  ignorant  of  the  cause." 
Business  or  commercial  ability  is  fundamentally  responsible  for 
success  in  any  profession  or  for  the  continued  existence  of  educa- 
tional institutions,  even  those  engaged  in  the  most  academic  and  in- 
tellectual lines  of  work.  All  rivalry  or  competition  is  in  reality  com- 
mercial rivalry  or  competition,  and  whether  this  is  carried  on  fairly 
or  unfairly  depends  upon  the  underlying  principles  of  honesty,  fair 
dealing  and  ethics  possessed  by  the  participants. 
What  are  the  primary  objects  of  a  college  education  in  phar- 
macy? Is  it  to  produce  mental  contortionists  and  star  performers 
who  can  assimilate  syllabi  and  transform  the  pabulum  into  passing 
marks  for  registration  examinations,  or  is  it  to  produce  worthy, 
helpful  members  of  the  community?  If  we  decide  that  the  latter  is 
preferable,  the  means  must  be  studied  and  methods  applied  which 
will  tend  to  produce  the  desired  results.  I  say  "  tend  to,"  for  no 
idealistic  attainment  of  results  will  ever  be  possible.  We  must  work 
toward  a  desired  end,  whether  we  at  first  reach  it  or  not. 
We  must  discourage  empiricism  in  scientific  work  and  encourage 
an  interest  in  and  thoroughness  of  training  in  principles.  Efficiency, 
success,  service,  are  all  factors  of  value  and  importance.  We  must 
encourage  and  teach  the  student  to  become  accurate  in  his  work  and 
in  his  habits  of  thought,  and  if  our  work  is  conscientious  and  thor- 
