AnLDecUriPi8arm')     Manufacture  of  Chloramine — T.  879 
much  less  than  15  per  cent,  of  nitrogen  and  9  per  cent,  of  organic 
phosphorus  (expressed  on  the  moisture-free  sample).  The  ex- 
amination of  nucleic  acid  should  always  include  these  two  items,  and 
the  ratio  of  the  percentage  of  organic  phosphorus  to  that  of  nitrogen 
is  one  of  the  best  criteria  of  the  purity  of  the  acid,  since,  if  this 
ratio  (1:1.7)  is  approximately  correct,  the  presence  of  any  ap- 
preciable proportion  of  the  products  of  hydrolysis  is  excluded. 
THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  CHLORAMINE-T.1 
By  J.  K.  H.  Inglis. 
Although  two  years  have  elapsed  since  Dakin  showed  the  value 
of  chloramine-T  as  an  antiseptic,  no  detailed  account  of  the  method 
of  manufacture  has  yet  been  published.  The  drug  has  shown  itself 
of  great  value  in  cases  of  cerebrospinal  meningitis,  diphtheria,  etc., 
and  after  a  trial  of  a  small  specimen  which  I  had  made,  I  was  asked 
to  supervise  the  manufacture  of  a  regular  supply  for  the  military 
camps  in  New  Zealand,  it  having  been  found  impossible  to  procure 
it  outside  the  Dominion. 
In  Dakin's  work  the  starting  point  for  the  preparation  was 
£-toluenesulphonic  chloride,  obtained  as  a  by-broduct  in  the  manu- 
facture of  saccharin.  No  such  material  being  available  in  New 
Zealand,  details  had  to  be  worked  out  for  the  manufacture  from 
toluene  itself,  and  these  details  form  the  material  for  this  paper. 
Sulphonation. — The  sulphonation  of  toluene  with  concentrated 
sulphuric  acid  leads  to  the  formation  of  the  three  possible  mono- 
sulphonic  acids ;  but  the  higher  the  temperature  the  larger  the  pro- 
portion of  p-zdd  (Ber.,  191 1,  p.  2504),  the  highest  proportion  being 
70  to  80  per  cent.  The  price  of  sulphuric  acid  being  relatively  high 
in  New  Zealand,  I  found  it  best  to  use  two  parts  by  weight  of  sul- 
phuric acid  (sp.  gr.  1.84)  to  one  part  of  toluene  (approximately 
equal  volumes)  and  to  carry  out  the  sulphonation  at  the  boiling  point 
of  toluene.  250  Cc.  of  sulphuric  acid  (1.84)  is  heated  to  no°  C. 
by  immersing  the  reaction  flask  in  a  heated  paraffin  bath,  and  then 
250  Cc.  of  hot  toluene  is  added,  the  whole  being  very  vigorously 
stirred  with  a  glass  circulating  stirrer.    The  efficiency  of  the  stirring 
1  Reprinted  from  Jour,  of  the  Soc.  of  Chemical  Industry,  September,  1918. 
