630  "  Chloramine"  Antiseptics.         {An\]T' ilii!'m 
S02Na  NC1  +  3H20),  for  which  the  names  Chloramine,  Chlora- 
mine T  (T  standing  for  toluene),  or  Chlorazene,  the  latter  a  trade- 
marked  name  in  this  country,  were  variously  used. 
It  was  claimed  for  this  substance  that  its  solutions  could  be  used 
in  from  to  4  per  cent,  strength  without  irritation,  the  1  to  2  per 
cent,  solutions  being  most  largely  used  for  wounds  and  the  weaker 
solutions  for  nose  and  throat  antisepsis,  or  for  eye  work. 
In  wound  dressing,  this  solution  required  less  frequent  changing 
of  the  dressings  as  compared  with  the  Dakin-Carrel  Solution,  was 
relatively  permanent,  and  caused  little  or  no  irritation. 
This  substance  has  also  been  used  in  what  is  known  as  Chlor- 
amine T  Paste,  as  suggested  by  Daufresne,  in  which  0.7  to  1  per 
cent,  of  Chloramine  T  is  dissolved  in  a  7.5  per  cent,  paste  of  sodium 
stearate  in  distilled  water.  This  product  has  proven  to  be  very  un- 
stable and  is  not  extensively  used  to-day. 
It  has  long  been  recognized,  however,  that  aqueous  solutions  are 
not  entirely  satisfactory  for  wound  dressings,  since  they  quickly 
dry  and  are  difficult  and  painful  to  remove  when  new  dressings  are 
required,  and  in  nasal  and  throat  work  are  not  sufficiently  pene- 
trating so  that  search  was  made  for  a  chloramine  which  would  be 
soluble  in  an  oily  solvent,  which  could  be  safely  applied  directly  to 
wounds. 
This  was  found  in  a  closely  related  product,  namely,  para-toluene- 
sulphon-dichloramine,  for  which  the  title  of  Dichlor amine  T 
(CH3-C6H4-S02NC12)  was  adopted  without  any  trade-mark  rights 
being  allowed.  This  product  is  now  manufactured  in  this  country 
by  a  number  of  chemical  firms  and  is  recognized  and  standardized 
by  the  New  and  Non-official  Remedies. 
The  first  largely  used  solvent  for  dichloramine  T  was  chlorinated 
eucalyptol,  prepared  by  treating  the  official  eucalyptol  with  chlorine 
and  carefully  neutralizing  and  drying  the  resulting  product.-  As 
first  prepared,  Dr.  Dakin  recommended  the  chlorination  to  be  ac- 
complished by  adding  potassium  chlorate  and  hydrochloric  acid 
directly  to  the  eucalyptol  and,  after  twelve  hours,  removing  all  traces 
of  acid  and  free  chlorine  by  suitable  treatment  and  subsequently 
drying  by  shaking  with  calcium  chloride.  Liquid  petrolatum  was 
chlorination  in  a  similar  manner  and  was  used  as  a  diluent  for  the 
concentrated  eucalyptol  solution  of  dichloramine  T,  the  dilution 
being  made  just  before  applying  to  the  wound. 
Another  form  of  chlorinated  eucalyptol  was  later  developed 
