28  Cinchona  Trees  Grown  in  India.  {^Him™ 
All  things  seem  to  promise  an  abundant  return  to  the  careful  culti- 
vator, and  the  pecuniary  result  is  beginning  to  be  realized,  from  ship- 
ments sent  home  to  Europe.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that,  on  the 
whole,  this  great  experiment  is  a  success. 
Mr.  Haselden  asked  why  the  Government  should  have  encouraged 
the  growth  of  the  succirubra  barks  in  preference  to  the  Calisaya 
barks,  seeing  that  the  latter  produced  a  larger  amount  of  quinine — so 
much  used  in  this  country — than  the  other. 
Professor  Bentley  asked  whether  the  results  obtained  were  founded 
upon  examination  of  one  or  two  plants,  or  were  arrived  at  by  the  ex- 
amination of  a  number  of  plants  ;  because  everyone  who  knew  any- 
thing about  the  development  of  plants  would  agree  that  two  plants 
selected  promiscuously  would  not  yield  any  special  result  which  could 
in  any  way  be  depended  upon.  There  was  another  question  in  which 
he  felt  interested.  Some  years  ago  Mr.  Howard  had  shown  that  the 
root-bark  of  C.  calisaya  was  very  much  inferior  in  every  respect  to 
the  stem-bark.  But  certain  other  investigators  came  to  a  diiferent 
conclusion.  If  he  rightly  understood  Mr.  Howard's  paper  that  even- 
ing, no  special  examination  was  made  of  the  root-bark,  because  it  was 
too  thin.  If,  however,  he  had  made  any  such  examination,  it  would 
be  very  interesting  to  know  the  comparative  value  of  the  root- bark 
and  the  stem-bark,  not  only  as  bearing  upon  the  particular  views 
which  Mr.  Howard  had  always  held,  but  as  bearing  on  those  diiferent 
parts  of  the  bark  which  were  of  great  importance  to  all  who  took  an 
interest  in  physiological  botany. 
Mr.  Howard  remarked  that,  in  reference  to  the  different  species  of 
cinchona,  he  had  always  urged  upon  the  Government  the  securing, 
in  the  first  place,  of  all  the  species  they  could  get  from  South  Amer- 
ica, and  giving  them  all  a  fair  trial  under  diiferent  circumstances. 
One  species  would  develop  much  more  rapidly  in  bog  earth  perhaps, 
while  another  would  develop  in  loam.  Succirubra  would  develop 
well  in  loam.  Of  course  the  climate  had  great  influence  on  these 
trees,  which  were  peculiarly  susceptible  of  influence  from  light  and 
climate  in  various  ways.  His  object  had,  therefore,  been  that  the 
Government  should  not  confine  their  attention  to  succirubra,  but  that 
they  should  devote  it  to  other  species  in  proportion  as  they  were  found 
to  be  valuable.  The  object  of  his  paper  was,  partly,  to  enforce  that 
view  of  the  subject ;  and  he  showed  that  the  succirubra,  though  so 
rapid  in  its  development,  was  not  so  good  as  the  other.    He  had  not 
