AMMayUi,iP872RM'}  Gleanings  from  the  European  Journals,  211 
rotating  power  in  the  latter,  which  shows  also  slight  but  constant  dif- 
ferences in  the  behavior  to  muriatic  acid,  nitrate  of  silver  and  chlo- 
ride of  gold  ;  the  effects  of  both  upon  frogs,  cats  and  dogs  were  found 
to  be  identical.  The  author  proposes  the  name  of  paraconia  for  the 
artificial  alkaloid. — Ibid.,  p.  42 — 44. 
Estimation  of  Fat  in  Milk. — A.  Schukoffsky  mixes  20  cc.  milk,  20 
cc.  ether,  and  30  cc.  strong  alcohol,  and  sets  the  mixture  aside  for  24 
hours ;  milk  sugar  crystallizes  out  and  casein  is  precipitated  in  flocks, 
and  may  be  readily  washed  upon  a  filter  with  ether  and  alcohol. 
From  the  filrate  the  ether  is  distilled  off,  then  the  alcohol  evaporated 
completely  in  a  water-bath ;  the  residuary  liquid  is  now  treated  with 
ether,  the  etherial  solution  removed  by  means  of  a  separatory  funnel, 
and  finally  evaporated  to  recover  the  fat. 
The  author  claims  for  this  method  greater  accuracy  than  can  be 
attained  by  following  Tolmatsheff's  (treatment  of  milk  with  sulphate 
of  magnesia),  Haidlen's  (with  gypsum),  Trommer's  (with  marble  dust), 
or  Hoppe-Seyler's  method  (treatment  with  potassa  solution). — Ibid., 
75—77. 
Estimation  of  Glucose. — F.  Jean  dissolves  the  protoxide  of  copper, 
obtained  by  boiling  the  glucose  with  a  solution  of  tartrate  of  potassa, 
and  copper,  in  muriatic  acid ;  this  solution  is  rendered  strongly  am- 
moniacal  and  mixed  with  a  solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  in  ammonia. 
Metallic  silver  is  precipitated,  5  equivalents  (315)  of  which  correspond 
with  one  equiv.  (100)  of  glucose ;  100  cane  sugar  after  conversion 
into  glucose  yield  316  silver. — Journ.  de  Pharm.  et  de  Chim.,  1872, 
Mars,  206. 
Manna  of  the  Linden-tree. — Boussingault  observed,  near  Liebfrau- 
enberg,  in  1869,  upon  the  leaves  of  a  linden-tree,  a  viscous  matter 
which  he  found  to  correspond  closely  in  composition  with  the  manna 
of  Mount  Sinai,  as  ascertained  by  Berthelot:* 
Linden  Manna,  collected  Tamarix  Manna 
July  22,  August  1st,  1869.  of  Mount  SinaL 
Cane  Sugar,  48-86  55-44  55 
Invert  Sugar,         28-59  24-75  25 
Dextrine,  22-55  19-81  20 
—Ibid.,  214—218. 
*  American  Journal  of  Pharmacy,  1862,  p.  71. 
