AMsep°tui,m2RM'}  Gleanings  from  the  European  Journals.  391 
Grape  and  Fruit  Wines. — After  reprinting  the  communication  of 
M.  (F.  F.  Mayer,  of  Heilbronn),  a  short  extract  of  which  was  pub- 
lished in  our  March  number,  page  105,  Dr.  Wittstein  refers  to  two 
other  publications  on  the  same  subject  : 
About  20  years  ago*  Winckler  found  that  the  characteristic  con- 
stituents of  grape  wine  are  bitartrate  of  potassa,  oenanthic  ether,  at 
least  5  per  cent,  of  alcohol  and  little  tannin,  while  fruit  wine  con- 
tains lactate  of  lime,  free  lactic  acid,  more  tannin  (turning  salts  of 
iron  green),  and  not  over  4  per  cent,  of  alcohol.  The  peculiar  odor 
of  cider  seems  to  be  partly  due  to  butyric  acid. 
Tuchschmidf  stated,  in  1870,  that  fruit  wine  yields  between  0*11 
and  040  per  cent.,  grape  wine  never  over  0*049  per  cent,  carbonate 
of  lime.  After  estimating  from  a  wine  which  is  adulterated  with 
cider,  the  lime  contained  therein  as  carbonate,  the  percentage  of  the 
adulteration  with  the  latter  may  be  approximately  calculated  from 
the  above  figures. —  Wittstein  s  Viertelj.  Schr.  f.  pr.  Pharm.,  1872r 
400. 
Analysis  of  Two  Hair  Color  Restorers.  Dr.  Wittstein  has  ana- 
lyzed Mrs.  L.  A.  Allen's  Hair  Restorer  and  found  it  to  contain  in 
one  bottle  90  grains  milk  of  sulphur,  125  gr.  sugar  of  lead  and  1480 
gr.  glycerin. 
The  hair  restorer  made  by  Fr.  Brabender,  apothecary  in  Cleve, 
contains  in  one  bottle  of  12  oz.  capacity,  73  gr.  sugar  of  lead,  250 
gr.  hyposulphite  of  soda  and  260  gr.  of  glycerin. — Ibid.,  412. 
Lactucarium  and  Thridace. — French  lactucarium  is  obtained  from 
incisions  into  the  stem  of  Lactuca  sativa,  and  by  drying  the  exuded 
milk  juice.  German  lactucarium  is  made,  in  the  same  way,  from 
Lactuca  virosa.  Thridace  is  the  expressed  juice  of  Lactuca  sativa, 
which  is  heated,  strained  and  evaporated.  In -comparing  the  three, 
L.  Buttin  obtained  the  following  results  : 
Soluble  in  Soluble  in 
Ashes.  Alcohol.  Water. 
German  Lactucarium,  10-63  per  ct.  46-66  parts.  48*83  parts. 
French  Lactucarium,  7*50      "       46*85     "       21*42  " 
Thridace,  33*90      "       39*50     "  Completely. 
— Ibid.,  from  Schweiz.  Wochenschr.  f.  Pharm.,  1871,  No.  37. 
*  Jahrb.  f.  Pharm.,  xix,  335. 
f  Berichte  d.  d.  Ohem.  Gesellsch.  zu  Berlin,  1870,  No.  19. 
