AmnoH;  i8H72RM"  \      Manufacture  of  Attar  of  Roses,  etc.  513 
months,  from  the  first  week  in  August  to  the  second  week  in  October, 
according  to  the  abundance  or  otherwise  of  the  surrounding  crop. 
The  business  itself  is  separate  from  the  growing;  the  small  growers 
as  well  as  the  large  take  their  crops  to  the  distillery,  and  pay  a  cer- 
tain agreed-upon  rate  per  ton.  The  results  during  the  present  season 
have  been  favorable,  although  the  continuance  of  wet  weather  some- 
what interfered  with  the  outdoor  work.  These  operations  may  be 
seen  and  inquired  into  by  following  out  the  route  we  had  taken  from 
Sutton,  through  Carshalton  to  Wallington,  thence  by  the  footpaths 
across  the  lavender-fields  to  Beddington,  and  on  to  Waddon  Station 
upon  the  railway  of  the  London  and  Brighton  Company. 
THE  MANUFACTURE  OF  ATTAR  OF  ROSES  IN  TURKEY. 
The  art  of  extracting  the  odoriferous  liquids  from  the  rose, — favor- 
ite flower  of  all  civilized  nations, — is  very  old.  The  ancient  Greeks 
and  Romans,  the  Egyptians  and  the  Hindoos,  were  acquainted  with 
rose-waters,  but  the  oil  of  roses,  the  most  precious  part  of  the  blos- 
som of  the  flower,  which  alone  gives  the  delicious  flavor,  and  which  is 
to  be  found  only  in  extremely  smallest  quantities  in  the  leaf  cells  of 
the  blossom,  was  unknown  to  the  Greeks  and  Romans.  The  prepa- 
ration of  it  was  the  invention  of  the  old  Hindoos,  and  even  at  the 
present  time  a  great  quantity  of  the  oil  is  produced  in  India.  Gha- 
zimpoor-on-the-Ganges  is  now  the  most  important  place  where  this 
dear  and  precious  ethereal  oil  is  manufactured.  But  rose-waters  are 
produced  in  other  parts  of  the  world  in  as  great  quantities  as  there. 
The  Indian  oils  and  rose-waters  are  consumed  in  that  country,  where 
these  perfumes  are  in  as  much  favor  and  used  as  extensively  as  the 
Eau  de  Cologne  with  us.  It  is  most  remarkable  that,  of  the  large 
quantity  of  rose-oil  which  England  consumes,  none  of  it  comes  from 
India.  The  produce  of  the  "  Shiraz  plain,"  in  Persia,  is  also  very 
insignificantly  represented  in  the  European  market.  It  has  been 
noticed  that  Persian  rose-water  is  not  exported  for  the  European 
trade,  and  that  rose-oil  is  not  produced  there  but  imported  from  India. 
The  famous  rose  districts  of  "  Medinet-Fayum,"  south-west  from 
Cairo,  are  only  of  advantage  to  Egypt ;  and  the  once  important  rose- 
oil  produce  of  Srinagars  is  in  decay. 
The  rose-oil  which  Europe  consumes  at  present  comes  almost  exclu- 
sively from  the  southern  slopes  of  the  Balkan,  where,  in  some  one 
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