514  Manufacture  of  Attar  of  Roses.  {KVo™:\v£"' 
hundred  and  fifty  places,  the  in-gathering  of  the  rose-blossoms  and 
the  manufacturing  of  the  rose-oil  takes  place.  The  quantity  of  oil 
which  is  produced  in  the  south  of  France  is  very  unimportant  as  com- 
pared with  the  quantity  of  the  Turkish  produce. 
The  most  important  Turkish  districts  where  this  valuable  article  is 
produced  are  Tchirpan,  Philippopolis,  Carlova,  Yeni-zaghra,  and  Ki- 
zanlik  ;  this  last  is  the  most  important  of  all.  The  produce  of  this 
place  alone  amounted  in  1857  to  199,000  midkals  or  metticals  (1  met- 
rical equal  to  4*79  grams.)  Now  the  quantity  is  estimated  at  500,- 
000  metticals. 
Professor  Dr.  Hochstetter,  from  the  Vienna  University,  in  his  most 
interesting  reports  to  the  Geographical  Society  at  Vienna,  of  his 
travels  through  Roumelia  in  the  summer  of  1869,  has  given  very  im- 
portant data  of  the  produce  of  oil  at  Kizanlik,  which  he  gathered 
chiefly  from  Mr.  Julius  Kasselmann,  settled  there.  These  data 
may  serve  to  remove  many  incorrect  statements  published  on  the 
subject. 
The  roses  planted  in  the  basin  of  Kizanlik  have  light  red  blossoms. 
They  are  planted  in  rows  like  the  vine.  Sometimes  roses  arid  vines 
are  planted  intermingled  on  the  same  plot.  The  most  important  spe- 
cies of  roses  planted  there  are  Bosa  damascena,  B.  sempervirens  and 
B.  moschata  ;  the  first  of  these  is  also  planted  in  the  south  of  France ; 
the  last-mentioned,  which  has  a  slight  musk  flavor,  gives  the  chief 
material  of  the  produce  of  the  Indian  rose-oil. 
The  roses  are  gathered  in  their  blossom  state  during  the  month  of 
May,  and  are  subjected  to  distillation  together  with  their  green  calyx 
leaves.  The  still  consists  of  a  tinned  copper  boiler,  from  which  a  pipe 
runs  into  the  cooling-tub.  In  every  boiler  are  placed  50  okes*  of 
water,  and  10  to  20  okes  of  roses,  and  the  heating  takes  place  over 
an  open  fire.  The  mass  is  boiled  for  two  hours ;  the  first  part  of  the 
distilled  fluid  is  put  again  into  the  boiler  ;  the  fluid,  then  condensed, 
is  gathered  into  bottles  with  broad  bottoms  and  straight  necks.  Water 
and  oil  distil  over  at  the  same  time,  the  latter,  of  course,  floating  on 
the  surface. 
When  there  is  a  layer  of  oil  of  the  thickness  of  a  finger,  it  is  re- 
moved. This  is  done  by  a  funnel-shaped  spoon,  with  a  very  thin 
opening  at  the  top  which  permits  a  passage  to  the  water  but  not  to 
*  Oke— 1200  grams. 
