HISTORY OF PHARMACY. 
45 
tise upon the preparation of medicines. This work, quoted 
by Galen, has not yet reached us. 
Apollonius, of Memphis, who left a work upon Botany,- 
and several formulas for medicinal compounds, of which he 
was the inventor. 
Zeno, of Laodicea, who devised a large numborof pharm- 
aceutic compositions. One against colic, bearing the name 
of diastsechados* was much lauded. Galen cites several 
other antidotes of his invention. 
Apollonius, of Mysia or Citium, another Herophilite, 
who wrote an essay upon ointments (rfipt ^pav;) a second 
upon the euporistes (medicines easy to procure,) and a 
third upon antidotes. 
Andreas, of Caristum, the author of a work upon the 
properties of medicines entitled NartexJ and another upon 
poisons. He invented several collyriums, contested the 
fabulous opinion of the coupling of the asp with the nursema, 
and pointed out several changes which commercial opium 
underwent at Alexandria. 
None of the works upon medicine of this school lived 
beyond the age. The fury of Omarius alone did not de- 
stroy the vestiges; in the time of Julius Caesar, the library 
belonging to the palace of the Ptolemies, was consumed by 
fire; it enclosed, as it is said, 400,000 volumes. But that 
of the temple of Serapis continued to exist, and Marc An- 
tony enriched it by giving to Cleopatra those of the Kings 
of Pergamus, which, according to Plutarch, increased it to 
more than 200,000 volumes. 
It was in the Alexandrian school that was wrought, for 
the first time, the distribution of the professions appertaining 
to medical art ; this division was induced, as SprengelJ 
* Of which the stsechas (Lavandula staschas, L.) was the base. 
-j-The Greek word vapdst signifies switch, stick, thyrsus, ferule, and 
also box. It was as the arsenal of medicines. This name has been 
since given to several other collections of formulas. 
* Histor. rei herb. Vol. i. p. 121. 
