HISTORY OP PHARMACY. 
47 
medicines, were called pharmaceutse. The word pharma- 
copceus is taken in wrong sense, and signifies a poisoner, 
for the word fyappaxov is applied to all sorts of useful or^ 
baneful drugs. The Latins understood alike by the term 
medicamentum, a medicine or a poison. The word phar- 
macopola designated another profession : those were so 
styled who sold medicines, though they* did not prepare 
them. They had likewise applied to them the terms cir- 
culator 'es, circuitores, circumforanei, in Greek nepwSsvtoi,, 
which corresponded to the word charlatan, and agyrtx, 
ayrptfat*, because the people collected around them. Those 
who kept an open shop were styled sellularii, E7tt8i$ptoc 
vatpov, or sedentary doctors. It is the profession which 
Aristotle exercised, also Eudemus and Chariton, mentioned 
by Galen, and very likely Galen himself: finally, this is 
the pharmacy we now find practised in England. 
The pharmaceutribse, those who mixed, pounded, or 
ground drugs, were probably identical with the pharma- 
ceutse. They compounded remedies, but did not apply 
them. The druggists went by the name of seplasiarii : pig- 
mentarii, in Greek navtoTt^'Kac, xa-touxot and fnyiiatortufMu 
They sold drugs for medicinal use, as also for use of pain- 
ters, perfumers and dyers. The shop or store where the 
drugs were contained was called seplasium, and the profes- 
sion seplasia. Pliny already spoke of alterations and so- 
phistications which medicinal substances underwent in the 
hands of the druggists, and the carelessness of physicians 
who neglected to examine or prepare the medicines them- 
selves. 
Several centuries after Celsius, the pigment arii from be- 
ing druggists at first, became regular apothecaries, or at 
least arrogated to themselves their privileges. The ordi- 
nary plants were sold by the herborists, herbarii, in Greek 
pi£Wop)t, root cutters, or potavtxoi, who gather herbs. The 
* From ayvpo to assemble. 
