92 
EDITORIAL. 
The  composition  of  this  salt  is  C40  H24  N2  O4  ,  I2  ,  2  S  O3  ,  2  H  0  -f-  ]  0  aq., 
and  it  may  be  considered  as  the  bisulphate  of  iodoquinine,  a  base  composed  of 
quinine  +  2  eqs.  of  iodine.  Indeed  such  a  compound  is  formed  when  iodine  is 
triturated  with  quinine,  as  an  amorphous  brown  mass,  very  similar  to  iodocin- 
chonine. 
b.  Quinidine,  C40  H24  N2  O4  -}-  4  aq.  This  base,  isomeric  with  quinine,  is 
obtained  from  what  is  called  in  commerce  quinoidine,  which  is  an  amorphous 
basic  substance,  found  in  the  mother  liquors  of  quinine.  This  is  a  mixture  of 
quinine  and  quinidine.  The  latter  is  much  less  soluble  in  ether  than  quinine, 
and  crystallises  when  pure  with  great  facility,  in  large  rhombic  prisms,  which 
effloresce  in  the  air.  It  differs  from  quinine  also,  in  its  action  on  polarised 
light,  for  quinine  causes  deviation  to  the  left,  quinidine  to  the  right.  The 
neutral  sulphate  of  quinidine  is  like  that  of  quinine,  and  may  be  used  for  the 
same  purposes. 
c.  Quinicine,  C40  H24  N2  O4  .  This  base,  also  isomeric  with  dry  quinine,  is 
formed  when  the  salts  of  quinine  or  of  quinidine  are  heated  for  some  time  to 
about  248°  F.  It  is  bitter  and  febrifuge,  insoluble  in  water,  very  soluble  in 
alcohol,  and  causes  deviation  of  the  plane  of  polarisation  to  the  right  It  does 
not  appear  to  crystallise. 
d.  Cinchonine,  C40  H24  X-2  O2  .  This  base  predominates  in  the  grey  bark 
Cinchona  condaminea,  or  C.  rubiginosa,  and  is  also  found  in  large  quantity,  as  well 
as  quinine,  in  red  bark,  C.  oblongifolia.  Its  preparation  has  been  above  described. 
It  crystallises  very  readily,  and  is  not  so  bitter  as  quinine,  although  highly 
febrifuge.  When  heated,  a  considerable  part  is  sublimed.  When  distilled 
with  potash,  it  yields  quinoline.  It  neutralises  the  acids,  forming  crystallisable 
salts,  which  may  be  substituted  for  those  of  quinine. 
It  is  very  important  to  observe  that  cinchonine  only  differs  from  quinine  by 
2  eq.  oxygen;  and  although  hitherto  no  one  has  succeeded  in  converting  one 
into  the  other,  little  doubt  can  be  entertained  that  this  will  be  accomplished 
in  process  of  time.  The  fact  that  both  yield  quinoline  is  very  interesting. 
Cinchonine  yields  with  chlorine  and  bromine  substitution-bases,  chlorocincho- 
nine  and  bromocinchonine,  &c,  in  which  1  eq.  of  hydrogen  is  .replaced  by 
chlorine  or  bromine. 
Quinine  and  Cinchonine  may  be  distinguished  in  solution  by  adding  first 
chlorine  water,  so  as  to  make  the  liquid  yellow,  and  then  a  little  ammonia, 
which  strikes  a  green  color  with  quinine,  but  not  with  cinchonine.  If  too  much 
ammonia  have  not  been  added,  the  green  color  changes  to  violet  on  the  addition 
of  a  little  more  chlorine. 
e.  Cinchonidine,  C40  H24  N2  O2  .  This  base,  isomeric  with  cinchonine,  occurs 
in  a  bark  resembling  the  Huamalies  cinchona  bark,  also  in  the  Cinchona  bark  of 
Maracaibo,  and  in  that  called  of  Bogota.  It  is  extracted  by  the  same  process. 
It  forms  hard,  brilliant,  rhomboidal  prisms,  striated  on  the  faces.  They  are 
soluble  in  alcohol,  very  sparingly  soluble  in  water  or  ether.  Both  this  base  and 
cinchonine  cause  the  plane  of  polarisation  to  deviate  to  the  right. 
/.  Cinchonicine,  C40  H24  N2  62  .  This  base,  isomeric  with  the  the  two  pre- 
ceding, is  formed  by  the  action  of  heat  on  the  sulphate  of  cinchonine.  It  is 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  alcohol  and  amorphous,  bitter  and  febrifuge, 
causing  deviation  of  the  plane  of  polarisation  to  the  right. 
2  eqs.  of  hydrogen  in  cinchonine,  is  formed  when  chlorine  is  passed  through  a 
solution  of  the  acid  hydrochlorate  of  cinchonine.  It  is  precipitated  by  ammo- 
nia, and  crystallises  from  alcohol  in  minute  prisms.    It  forms  salts  with  acids. 
acid  hydrochlorate  of  cinchonine.  It  forms  scaly  crystals  and  produces  salts 
with  some  acids. 
This  base  in  which  chlorine  replaces 
Bromocinchonine.  C40  "^23 
Br 
N2  02  , 
is  formed  by  the  action  of  bromine  on  the 
