CALISAYA BARK. 
103 
unnoticed in the forest, no sooner does its trunk elevate itself, 
but the hatchet attacks it. When, for my satisfaction, I de- 
sired to see this species in all its vigor, it was necessary for 
me to make long journeys afoot into the forests ; to traverse 
them by paths scarcely opened, and to undergo some of the 
fatigues which constitute the common lot of the Cascarilleros. 
The curious variety which I have described under the 
name of Cinchona Josephiana, to commemorate the name, 
too little known, of Joseph de Jussieu, is called by the inha- 
bitants of the country Ichu Cascarilta, or Cascarilla del 
Pajonal, denominations which signify both " Cinchona of 
the Meadows,' {ichuxn the Quichua language, and paja, in 
Spanish, signify herb.) I, for a long time, thought that this 
variety ought to constitute a distinct species, but farther 
study made in the localities, has proved to me that it is only 
a particular form of the type to which I have referred it. 
I have even little doubt at present that the districts it occu- 
pies were formerly covered with forests, and that when 
these were destroyed, doubtless from the effects of fire, the 
plant in reproducing itself assumed this stunted growth, 
similar in this respect to many plants in Brazil, which take 
such different proportions in the campos and in the forests. 
It is probable, from this, that the culture of the cinchona 
will not succeed, except so far as the conditions are applied 
to it which will enable it to expand itself. It is especially 
necessary, it would seem, that it should have the company 
of other trees, which, by increasing a little more rapidly 
than it, afford a protecting shade during the early years of 
its existence.* It has more than once happened to me, 
upon the mountains of Tepoani, for example, in passing 
from a pajonal or meadow, to open woods, and from thence 
* The soil in which the C. calisaya generally grows, is similar to 
that called fresh earth (virgin earth.) It is true, considerable quan- 
tities of Humus are formed upon the surface, but they are, in a 
measure, removed by the rains, which wash the slopes of the moun- 
tains, during many months of the year. 
