106 
CALISAYA BARK. 
fibres is more apparent, the bark breaks transversely with 
greater difficulty. 
Dr. Weddell has given descriptions of the two varieties 
of Calisaya bark, in all respects according with those in the 
modern works on Pharmacology. Guibourt in his de- 
scription has been very precise on this point, and has been 
closely followed. The two are quills and flat pieces. 
These constitute the variety called in Bolivia Colisaya 
amarilla, C. dorada or C. anaranjada. " Another, re- 
markable for the deep shade of its external face, which 
sometimes is entirely of a wine black, goes by the name of 
Colisaya zamba, C. negra or C. macha. I have especially 
noticed it at Apolobamba in Bolivia, and in the province 
of Carabaya in Peru." 
A third variety, finally, with the surface less unequal, 
sometimes semicellulose and of a pale color, has merited 
the appellation of Colisaya blanca. 
The bark of the Cinchona Josephiana or Ichu Cascarilla 
of the Peruvians is rare in commerce, although in indigenous 
medicine as much used as the other, in consequence of the 
facility of procuring it. "Its peridermis is brown, or of a 
blackish gray, or slate color, (a color which, I may remark 
in passing, appears to me to be common to all the barks of 
the cinchonas developed under the influence of the air and 
sun,) upon which are beautifully formed the pale lichens 
covering it. As this bark is very adherent to the wood, it 
is but imperfectly detached, and its internal surface is often 
torn." 
I have seen in Peru a sort of cinchona furnished by this 
same Ichu Cascarilla, not from the trunk or branches, but 
from the large roots, or rather the stump; and it is not im- 
probable that this kind will one day or other be of great 
importance, in spite of difficulties in procuring it, for not 
only does it present a mine which so far has been hardly 
worked, but it would appear to furnish a product superior 
to much of the bark which engages attention at the pre- 
