CALISAYA BARK. 107 
sent day. This bark is in short pieces, flat, undulated, 
or more or less contorted, destitute of periderm, with a 
fibrous, even, shining internal surface, slightly cellular ex- 
ternally, of a uniform, ochreous, yellow color, of marked 
bitterness, but less powerful than in good calisaya, of which 
additionally it exhibits the internal structural characters. 
The increasing scarcity of the calisaya bark has induced 
the collectors to mix the bark of other kinds with it, and this 
fraud is more difficult of detection, from becoming habituated 
to it, or at least from the want of skill required to detect 
it. The admixture is practised with the bark of the C. 
Boliviano, and C. ovata var. rufinervis, or more rarely, 
and upon the coast, solely with that of C. Scrobiculata; in 
other words, with the barks which M. Guibour! calls Cali- 
sayas legers du commerce. With the C. scrobiculata it 
cannot be a long time confounded — but nothing is more 
easy than with the two first — so that in Bolivia the Cin- 
chona Boliviana is also called calisaya, a designation which 
moreover its properties have well merited. The best cha- 
racters to distinguish the true calisaya from all other species 
are — the shortness of the fibres of the entire transverse 
fracture, and the ease with which they are broken, instead 
of bending and remaining adherent, as observed in the bark 
derived from the rujinervis and scrobiculata. Finally, its 
uniform yellow color and not white marbling in its thickness, 
distinguish it from the C. Boliviana. The density (which 
causes the nail to leave a shining mark when drawn over 
its internal surface forcibly) and the conchoidal form of the 
outer surface, still further serve to distinguish the calisaya. 
It is more difficult to discriminate between the quills of the 
different varieties — the greater thickness of the epiderms 
and size of the resinous circle, together with the bitterness, 
will serve, in some measure, to distinguish it. 
An idea of the consumption of this bark can be given by 
the fact that the Bolivian Company export annually, ex- 
clusive of sophistication, more than 4000 quintals, or 
