204 ORGANIZATION OF PHARMACY IN NORWAY. 
The physicians of the cantons, are charged with overlook- 
ing the apothecaries. Every drug of bad quality, or falsified, 
is immediately destroyed ; if directions are badly executed 
the apothecary is fined, the same is the case when he gives 
energetic medicines, or delivers written consultations. The 
first fine is 500 franks, the second 1,000. He is forbidden to 
sell secret remedies, and to advertise them. It is seen that in 
this point of view Norway is more advanced than France, as 
no where are seen those disgraceful and scandalous placards 
which place the profession of pharmacy in so unfavorable a 
light. 
For selling medicines without the privilege of an apotheca- 
ry, the individual is punished with imprisonment, from a 
month to six months. He who practises this profession is 
certain of possessing an honest competency at the termination 
of his career, if he strives to merit the confidence of the pub- 
lic, which is accomplished by honorable means. The shops 
of Drontheim are characterized by admirable simplicity ; no 
paintings upon the walls, no signs upon the windows, nor that 
ruinous ostentation which is met with in our shops. 
The following is the law which regulates the study of 
pharmacy ; it is necessary that it should be as wise and per- 
fect as that which regulates the exercise of the profession. 
The studies have been organized conformably to a law which 
dates from 1672, and which still regulates them. The eleves 
must be chosen from those who have studied in the secondary 
schools, and who are consequently familiar with Latin. They 
commence in the shops by learning the price of medicines 
and the elementary principles of the Pharmacopoeia ; still 
later, they put up prescriptions under the direction of the 
assistants. When the apothecary has become familiar with 
their capacity, he gives to them a certificate, with which they 
present themselves before the physician of the district, who 
examines them, and presents them with a testimonial by 
which they are declared capable of exercising the functions of 
assistant in a shop. In this arrangement there is an evident 
defect, for the physician is not always a good judge in matters 
