ON THE MANUFACTURE OP ROSE-WATER AND UTUR. 251 
for its Attar and Rose-water, and having got the name, it has 
done its best to preserve it. The cultivation of the Rose 
plant is sufficient to supply the demand, and as the average re- 
muneration is not more than enough to compensate for the 
trouble of its culture, no competition from the adjoining dis- 
tricts has been made. 
Around the station of Ghazeepore there are about 300 
beegahs, or about 150 acres, of ground laid out in small de- 
tached fields as Rose gardens, most carefully protected on all 
sides by high mud walls and prickly pear fences, to keep out 
the cattle. These lands, which belong to Zemindars, are 
planted with Rose trees, and are annually let out at so much 
per beegah for the ground, and so much additional for the 
Rose plants — generally five rupees per beegah, and twenty- 
five rupees for the Rose trees, of which there are 1000 in 
each beegah. The additional expense for cultivation would 
be about 8\8; so that for rupees 30|8 you have for the season 
one beegah of 1000 Rose trees. 
If the season is good, this beegah of 1000 Rose trees should 
yield one lac of Roses. Purchases for Roses are always made 
at so much per lac. The price of course varies according to 
the year, and will average from 40 to 70 rupees. During the 
past season the latter was the price given for one lac of Roses 
towards the conclusion. 
As soon as the Roses come into flower, the Zemindars and 
cultivators of the Rose gardens, as well as intending pur- 
chasers, meet in the city, and according to the demand and 
expected produce, a nerick is established, and purchasers then 
enter into agreement with the cultivators for so many lacs of 
Roses at such a price. This agreement is considered binding, 
and the cultivator is obliged to deliver the quantity at the con- 
tract rate ; when that is completed another can be made, but 
this latter is always at a much higher rate. 
The Rose trees come into flower at the beginning of March 
and continue so through April. In the morning early the 
flowers are plucked by numbers of men, women, and children, 
and are conveyed in large bags to the several contracting 
