252 ON THE MANUFACTURE OF ROSE-WATER AND UTUR. 
parties for distillation. The cultivators themselves very 
rarely manufacture. 
The native apparatus for distilling the Rose-water is of the 
simplest construction ; it consists of a large copper or iron 
boiler well tinned, capable of holding from eight to twelve 
gallons, (shaped like the earthen hoondahs in which the 
Gomastahs send in their Opium) having a large body with a 
rather narrow neck, and a mouth about eight inches in diame- 
ter; on the top of this is fixed the head of the still, which is 
nothing more than an old dekchee, or cooking vessel, with a 
hole in the centre to receive the tube or worm. 
This tube is composed of two [pieces of bamboo, fastened 
at an acute angle, and it is covered the whole length with a 
strong binding of corded string, over which is a luting of 
earth to prevent the vapor from escaping. The small end, 
about two feet long, is fixed into the hole in the centre of the 
head, where it is well luted with flour and water. The lower 
arm or end of the tube is carried down into a long necked 
vessel or receiver, called abhubka. This is placed in a handee 
of water, which as it gets hot is changed. The head of the 
still is luted on to the body, and the long arm of the tube in 
the bhubha is also well provided with a cushion of cloth, so as 
to keep in all vapor. The boiler islet into an earthen furnace, 
and the whole is ready for operation. 
There is such a variety of Rose-water manufactured in the 
bazar, and so much that bears the name, which is nothing 
more than a mixture of sandal oil, that it is impossible to lay 
down the plan which is adopted. The best Rose-water how- 
ever in the bazar may be computed as bearing the proportion 
of one thousand Roses to a seer of water ; this perhaps may 
be considered as the best procurable. From one thousand 
Roses most generally a seer and a half of Rose-water is dis- 
tilled, and perhaps from this even the Attar has been removed. 
The boiler of the still will hold from eight to twelve or 
sixteen thousand Roses. On eight thousand Roses from ten 
to eleven seers of water will be placed, and eight seers of 
Rose-water will be distilled. This after distillation is placed 
