ON THE MANUFACTURE OF ROSE-WATER AND UTUR. 253 
in a carboy of glass, and is exposed to the sun for several days 
to become puckah; it is then stopped with cotton, and has a 
covering of moist clay put over it ; this becoming hard effec- 
tually prevents the scent from escaping. The price of this 
will be from twelve to sixteen rupees. This is the best that 
can be procured. 
To procure the Attar, the Roses are put into the still, and 
the water passes over gradually as in the Rose-water process; 
after the whole has come over, the Rose-water is placed in a 
large metal basin, which is covered with wetted muslin tied 
over to prevent insects or dust getting into it ; this vessel is 
let into the ground about two feet, which has been previously 
wetted with water, and it is allowed to remain quiet during 
the whole night. The Attar is always made at the beginning 
of the season when' the nights are cool ; in the morning early 
the little film of Attar, which is formed upon the surface of 
the Rose-water during the night, is removed by means of a 
feather, and it is then carefully placed in a small phial ; and 
day after day as the collection is made it is placed for a short 
period in the sun, and after a sufficient quantity has been pro- 
cured it is poured off clear, and of the color of amber, into 
small phials. Pure Attar when it has been removed only 
three or four days has a pale greenish hue; by keeping, it loses 
this, and in a few weeks time it becomes of a pale yellow. 
The first few days' distillation does not produce such fine 
Attar as comes off afterwards, in consequence of the dust or 
little particles of dirt in the still and the tube being mixed 
with it. This is readily separated, from its sinking to the 
bottom of the Attar, which melts at a temperature of 84°. 
From one lac of Roses it is generally calculated that ISO 
grains, or one tolah, of Attar can be procured ; more than 
this can be obtained if the Roses are full sized, and the 
nights cold to allow of the congelation. The Attar pur- 
chased in the bazar is generally adulterated, mixed with 
sandal oil or sweet oil ; not x even the richest native will 
give the price at which the purest Attar alone can be 
obtained, and the purest Attar that is made is sold only to 
Europeans. During the past year it has been selling from 
