Am.  Jour.  Pharm  ) 
Mar.  1874.  Suppl./ 
Qhazeepore  Rose-  Wa  ter . 
159> 
on  an  average  1000  shrubs  are  allowed  to  grow  in  each  beegah  of 
land. 
Rose  fields  are  kept  scrupulously  clean  by  constant  weeding,  and 
loosening  of  the  soil  around  the  roots.  This  operation  takes  place 
about  three  times  a  year.  Leaf-mould,  which  is  the  best  sort  of  ma- 
nure for  roses,  is  sprinkled  all  over  the  fields  once  a  year,  and  twice 
a  year  the  fields  are  irrigated  by  flooding  them  with  well  water. 
Priming  takes  place  annually  in  the  month  of  January.  The  flower- 
ing season  is  in  February  and  March,  when  the  blossoms  are  picked 
and  collected  each  day  before  sunrise. 
The  average  yield  of  flowers  per  beegah  is  from  thirty  to  sixty 
thousand.  These  are  sold  to  the  distillers  at  a  rate  varying  from  100 
to  125  rupees  per  lakh  (hundred  thousand)  of  flowers.  The  total  area 
under  rose  cultivation  in  Ghazeepore  is  estimated  at  about  200  acres,, 
bearing  an  average  rental  of  Rs.  4  per  beegah. 
Process  of  Manufacturing  the  Pure  Attar  of  Roses. — A  gallon,  or 
half  a  gallon,  of  the  best  rose-water  is  kept  in  a  large  copper  vessel 
in  the  cool  night  air,  with  a  thin  cotton  covering  over  it.  Before  day- 
break the  oily  extract  floating  over  the  surface  of  the  water  is  care- 
fully collected  with  a  pigeon's  feather  and  placed  in  a  phial. 
The  next  day  fresh  flowers  are  added  to  the  water,  and  it  is  again 
distilled,  and  the  same  process  is  continued  for  several  days  succes- 
sively, till  as  much  pure  attar  of  roses  is  collected  as  is  required. 
The  whole  quantity  thus  collected  is  kept  in  a  phial  and  exposed  to 
the  sun  for  a  few  days,  and  as  soon  as  the  watery  particles  have  evap- 
orated, pure  oil,  or  attar  of  roses  is  left  in  the  phial,  which  sells  by 
weight  at  Rs.  100  to  Rs.  125  per  tolah.  This  sort  of  attar  being 
costly  is  generally  made  only  to  order,  and  the  ordinary  quantity 
produced  each  year  rarely  exceeds  five  or  six  tolahs.  The  rose-water 
left  after  eight  or  nine  distillations  again  comes  into  use,  and  is  sold 
in  the  market  as  the  best  of  its  kind.  It  is,  in  fact,  a  clear  profit  to 
the  manufacturer,  who  is  already  amply  repaid  by  the  attar  itself. 
The  prime  cost  of  a  tolah  of  attar  is  fairly  estimated  at  Rs.  72,  viz. : 
Cost  of  labor,       .  .  .  .  .    Rs.    12    0  0 
Value  of  50,000  rose  flowers,  at  Rs.  120  per  lakh,    Rs.    60    0  0 
Total,        .  .  .  .  .    Rs.    72    0  0 
The  margin  left  to  the  manufacturer  after  covering  the  cost  of  inte- 
