Am.  Jour.  Pharm.  \ 
Dec.  1,  1874.  / 
Pharmacy  in  Denmark, 
547 
suit  with  the  physician.  No  physician  allowed  to  keep  or  have  part 
in  a  pharmacy. 
In  1753  an  ordinance  forbid  any  apothecary  to  keep  more  than 
one  store  in  the  same  town.  In  1796  appeared  the  first  detailed  poi- 
son law,  which,  among  other  things,  contains  the  proviso  that  arsenic 
can  only  be  sold  on  certificate  from  the  respective  mayor  or  parson, 
and  then  only  one  ounce  at  the  time.  An  ordinance,  from  1843,  per- 
mits the  sale  of  lead  water  without  prescription. 
In  1810  apothecaries  were  required  to  notify  the  district  physician 
whenever  they  intended  to  leave  town  for  more  than  twenty-four 
hours,  unless  their  assistant  happened  to  be  a  graduate.  In  case  the 
annual  price-list  was  not  strictly  adhered  to,  the  apothecary  in  fault 
was  fined  $50  for  the  first  offence,  $100  for  the  second,  and,  if  caught 
a  third  time,  he  lost  his  privilege.  An  assistant  would  be  fined  one- 
half,  and  the  third  time  declared  unworthy  to  serve  in  any  pharmacy 
in  Denmark.    (April  21,  1812.) 
The  first  Pharmacopoeia  Danica  appeared  in  1772  ;  the  subsequent 
revisions  respectively  in  1805,  1840,  1850,  (1857),  1868.  There 
exist,  besides,  collections  of  formulas  for  the  use  of  the  chief  hospi- 
tal, for  the  military  and  for  the  poor. 
Pharmaceutical  life  is  as  follows  : 
The  apprentice  must  be  at  least  fifteen  years  of  age,  and  have  left 
high-school  from  one  of  the  two  upper  forms.  If  the  latter  be  not 
the  case,  he  has  to  pass  a  preliminary  examination  to  show  that  he 
possesses  a  fair  school  education,  and  is  proficient  in  Latin. 
He  has  to  serve  four  years  before  he  is  permitted  to  take  his  first 
degree  (Physikat  examen). 
At  this  examination  he  is  required  to  translate  the  Pharmacopoeia, 
recognize  drugs,  read  abbreviated  prescriptions,  put  up  prescriptions, 
make  one  of  the  easier  preparations,  and  show  a  fair  knowledge  of 
practical  chemistry,  poison  laws  and  doses,  and  of  indigenous  medical 
botany.  If  successful,  he  is  declared  assistant,  and  as  such  has  a 
right  to  put  up  prescriptions  on  his  own  responsibility,  but  is  not 
allowed  to  take  charge  of  a  store  for  a  longer  period  than  twenty- 
four  hours.  After  further  serving  for  a  couple  of  years,  or  after 
attending  two  courses  of  lectures  at  the  University,  he  may  take  his 
last  degree,  which  makes  him  a  graduate  (candidat),  and  gives  him 
equal  standing  with  the  apothecary  (minus  the  ownership  of  a  store). 
This  last  examination  requires  him  to  make  an  official  chemical 
