34 
North  American  Conifer  ce. 
/Am.  Jour.  Pharoi 
t    January,  1896. 
The  starch  found  was  mainly  in  the  ceils  of  the  cortex  or  middle 
bark.  The  granules  were  small  and  of  various  shapes,  some  nearly 
spherical,  others  much  elongated,  ellipsoidal,  club-shaped,  variously 
bent,  angular,  etc.  Bi-nucleated  or  double  grains  are  not  infre- 
quent, but  the  majority  are  simple.  The  hilum  was  usually  recog- 
nizable, and  then  appeared  as  a  faint  central  or  sub-central  dot,  or 
sometimes  as  a  slight  fissure,  but  no  other  markings  were  observed. 
The  root,  when  young,  has  three  or  four  xylem  rays  within  its 
endodermis,  but  later  on,  after  secondary  changes  are  well  advanced, 
its  histology  closely  resembles  that  of  the  stem,  save  in  the  absence 
of  a  pith. 
Fig.  5,  starch  from  the  root  of  Pinus  Strobus,  magnified  1,200  diameters. 
The  figures,  with  the  descriptions  which  accompany  them,  will 
convey  an  idea  of  the  essential  features  in  the  histology  of  the  stem 
and  leaves.1 
A  study  of  sections  of  the  stem  of  Pinus  excelsa,  Wall,  showed  a 
1 Authorities  consulted. — John  Crombie  Brown's  Monograph  on  the  Pines. 
Murray's  Pines  and  Firs  of  Japan.  Baillon's  Dictionaire  de  Botanique.  Lam- 
bert's Work  on  the  Pines.  Warming  and  Potter's  Systematic  Botany.  Vines' 
Text-Book  of  Botany.  Brewer  and  Watson's  Botany  of  California.  Gray's 
Manual  of  Botany.    Lemmon's  Hand-Book  of  West-American  Cone-Bearers. 
