7o 
North  American  Conifer  ce. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
\    February,  1896. 
Per  Cent. 
Moisture  
Ash  in  absolutely  dry  bark  .  . 
Tannin  in  air-dry  bark  .... 
Tannin  in  absolutely  dry  bark 
9  TO 
1-03 
14-63 
i6"o7 
The  tannin  was  indicated  to  be  of  the  oak  bark  variety  by  the 
following-  reactions : 
The  ash  was  composed  of  calcium  phosphate,  with  some  sulphate 
and  carbonate. 
Pitch  Pine  is  valued  chiefly  for  its  oleoresin,  which,  however,  is  in 
such  abundance  as  to  interfere  with  its  usefulness  as  lumber.  It 
was,  in  Colonial  times,  a  source  of  turpentine  in  the  Northern  States; 
and  in  southern  New  Jersey,  western  Pennsylvania  and  parts  of  New 
England  it  has  been  used  as  a  source  of  tar.  The  abundance  of 
resin  has  made  the  wood  valuable  for  fuel,  and  a  very  good  quality 
of  charcoal  has  been  prepared  from  it. 
PINUS  AUSTR1ACA,  HOSS. 
AUSTRIAN  PINE,  BLACK  PINE. 
GENERAL  CHARACTERS  AND  DISTRIBUTION. 
The  Austrian  pine  is  regarded  as  a  variety  of  the  Corsican  pine 
of  Southern  Europe,  Pinus  Laricio,  Poiret.  It  is  considerably  culti- 
vated in  this  country  as  an  ornamental  tree.  It  is  a  rough-boled, 
rough-branched,  massive-topped  tree,  which  does  not  attain  any 
great  height.  Its  buds  are  rather  large,  its  leaves  dark  green,  rigid, 
chiefly  in  twos,  4  to  6  inches  long,  mostly  with  one  flattish  and  one 
strongly  convex  surface. 
The  stomata  were  in  longitudinal  rows  on  both  surfaces ;  hypo- 
derma  of  two  or  three  rows  of  fibrous,  thick- walled  cells  ;  mesophyll 
cells  of  small  or  moderate  size  ;  usually  about  six  secretion  reser- 
voirs, nearly  equidistant  from  one  another  in  the  mesophyll,  and  each 
strengthened  by  a  complete  circle  of  thick-  walled  cells,  the  stele 
including  two  fibro- vascular  bundles,  each  with  about  six  medullary 
rays.  There  were  observed  a  few  scattered  thick- walled  fibres  at 
the  outer  end  of  the  phloem  masses,  and  near  the  xylem  ends  of 
the  bundles  were  frequently  one  or  two  small  secretion  reservoirs. 
Ferric  chloride  :  green  color  and  precipitate. 
Bromine  water  :  yellow  precipitate. 
Lime  water  :  purplish  precipitate. 
ECONOMICS. 
MICROSCOPICAL  STRUCTURE. 
