AmiLlrcLfmYm'}       Shaddock  and  Forbidden  Fruit,  123 
skrit  name  for  the  shaddock,  which  grows  in  abundance,  and  that 
in  the  vernacular  it  is  Batavi  nebu,  owing  to  its  having  been  intro- 
duced from  Batavia.  Pickering9  thinks  that  the  shaddock  is  the 
fruit  referred  to  occasionally  by  authors  of  early  times, "  when  lemons 
as  large  as  watermelons  "  were  seen  by  Abd-Allatif,  and  which  was 
described  by  Ebn-Ayyas  as  "  an  orange  of  extraordinary  bigness." 
The  name  shaddock  is  derived  from  a  sea  captain  of  that  name, 
who  first  carried  the  seeds  to  the  West  Indies,  where  it  was  soon 
under  successful  cultivation.10 
The  fruit  of  the  members  of  this  genus  is  a  form  of  the  berry,  and 
is  distinguished  botanically  by  the  term  hesperidium  ;  in  this  case 
the  epicarp  and  mesocarp  form  a  separable  rind,  and  the  endocarp 
sends  prolongations  inward,  forming  triangular  divisions,  to  the 
inner  angle  of  which  the  seeds  are  attached,  pulpy  cells  being 
developed  around  them. 
The  terms  grape  fruit  and  shaddock  are  interchangeable  as  applied 
to  the  fruit  in  the  markets  of  the  cities  of  the  northern  United  States, 
depending  principally  upon  the  size  of  the  fruit,  which,  if  large,  is 
termed  shaddock.  In  the  West  Indies  the  name  grape  fruit  is  also 
applied  to  a  similar  fruit  of  the  genus,  which  will  be  described  later. 
No  reliance  can  be  placed  upon  common  names  of  plants  or 
flowers,  as  it  is  well  known  that  different  sections  of  the  same  coun- 
try have  identical  names  for  distinct  species,  and  vice  versa.  The 
term  shaddock  is  the  only  one  employed  by  the  greater  number  of 
writers  who  mention  the  fruit,  the  synonym  grape  fruit  being  seldom 
noticed  even  in  dictionaries  and  works  of  reference.  The  Century 
Dictionary  contains  a  curious  contradiction  in  its  definitions  of  the 
two  terms  :  Under  the  word  shaddock  it  states  that  "  the  shaddock 
proper  is  generally  inferior  to  its  smaller  variety,  the  grape  fruit,  or 
pomelo,  which  is  further  distinguished  by  bearing  its  fruit  in  clusters." 
Under  grape  fruit  it  is  stated  that  "  it  is  a  large  variety  of  the  shad- 
dock, called  grape  fruit  in  the  northern  cities  of  the  United  States, 
presumably  from  its  grape-like  flavor."  This  valuable  work  of  ref- 
erence also  gives  the  following  additional  list  of  names  applied  to 
the  fruit  in  various  localities :  Pumpelmoes,  pampelmoose,  pompel- 
9  1879,  Chas.  Pickering,  ChronoTogical  History  of  Plants. 
10 1828,  Rees'  Encyclopedia  ;  1837,  Jas.  Macfayden,  Flora  of  Jamaica  ;  1866, 
Loudon's  Encyclopedia  of  Plants;  1879,  Chas.  Pickering,  Chronological  His- 
tory of  Plants. 
