1 24  Shaddock  and  Forbidden  Fruit.        { Ami^Pmfm- 
moes,  pompoleon,  pompelo,  pomelo,  pumelo  and  pummelo.  Many  fruit 
dealers  and  importers  of  tropical  fruit  were  interrogated  regarding 
the  matter;  the  majority  of  them  stated  that  there  was  no  difference 
between  the  grape  fruit  and  shaddock  excepting  that  of  size. 
There  is  a  similar  fruit  which  is  claimed  to  be  specifically  different 
and  which  is  frequently  confused  with  the  shaddock  by  botanical 
authorities.  This  is  the  Adam's  apple,  or  forbidden  fruit,  known  also 
by  the  names  Paradise  apple,  porno  di  Paradiso,  porno  d'Adamo  and 
Malum  Assyriaca.11 
This  confusion  was  doubtless  caused  by  Rumphius  and  Linnaeus, 
who  included  it  in  their  descriptions  of  the  shaddock.12  The  most 
comprehensive  study  which  was  ever  made  and  published  regarding 
this  subject  was  that  of  Jas.  Macfayden,13  who  spent  some  years 
in  the  island  of  Jamaica,  where  the  trees  had  been  cultivated  for  a 
number  of  years  previously.  He  differentiated  the  two  species 
and  applied  the  specific  name  Paridisi  to  the  forbidden  fruit.  The 
following  comparison  of  the  characteristics  of  these  two  trees 
has  been  made,  from  his  observations  regarding  them,  in  a 
manner  which  enables  the  reader  to  appreciate  the  differences  at 
a  glance : 
SHADDOCK. 
Citrus  decumana. 
Tree  12  to  18  feet  in  height,  with  a 
flat  crown  and  spreading  branches, 
seldom  spiny. 
Leaves  alternate,  elliptic, rounded  at 
both  ends,  sub-emarginate,  crenulated, 
glabrous  above,  puberulous  beneath, 
pellucid-punctate.  Petioles  winged, 
wings  crenulated  and  minutely  ciliate. 
FORBIDDEN  FRUIT. 
Citrus  Paradisi. 
Tree  about  30  feet  high;  branches 
sub-erect,  spiny;  spines  short  axillary. 
Leaves  oval,  rounded,  crenulate, 
glabrous;  petioles  winged. 
11  i59i,D.  Jacobi  Theodor  Tabernac,  Kreuterbuch  ;  1597,  Gerarde's  Herbal; 
1858,  Robert  Hogg,  The  Vegetable  Kingdom  and  Its  Products ;  1885,  Hehn 
and  Stallybras,  The  Wanderings  of  Plants  and  Animals ;  1823,  Risso,  Essai 
sur  Vhistoire  naturelle  des  Oranges,  Bigaradiers. 
12  1763,  Linnaeus,  Species  Plantar um  ;  1824,  De  Candolle,  Prodromus  Syste- 
matis  Naturalis  Regni  Vegetabilis,  I-539;  1858,  Robert  Hogg,  The  Vegetable 
Kingdom  and  Its  Products  ;  1879,  Chas.  Pickering,  Chronological  History  of 
Plants. 
13  1837  Jas.  M-5^fayd£n,  Flora  of  famaica. 
