Am.  Jour.  Pharnj.\ 
March,  1896.  J 
North  American  Conifer ce. 
137 
statement  that  no  German,  and,  apparently,  no  other  American  pine, 
contained  as  much  resin. 
No  attempt  has  been  made  in  the  present  case  to  investigate  the 
chemistry  of  this  oleoresin,  although  such  a  work  is  sadly  needed. 
Some  progress  on  this  subject  was  recorded  by  R.  G.  Dunwody2, 
who  also  described  the  turpentine  industry.  J.  H.  Long3  has  added 
considerable  to  our  knowledge  of  the  physical  constants  of  turpen- 
tine oil.  He  has  pointed  out  the  fact  that  no  attempt  is  made  by- 
turpentine  producers  to  keep  the  products  from  different  species  of 
pine  separate,  which,  no  doubt,  accounts  for  the  variable  results 
obtained  by  different  investigators  in  pine  oils.  This,  Professor 
Long4  has  more  recently  (1894)  kept  in  mind  in  a  further  contribu- 
tion, in  which  the  oil  was  distilled  from  the  products  of  single  trees. 
The  results  are  more  uniform  and  satisfactory.  Research  is  still 
needed  on  all  the  products  from  the  Pinus  palustris,  since  it  furnishes 
the  largest  proportion  of  the  world's  supply  of  resin  and  its  products. 
The  subject  of  resinous  products  and  the  turpentine  industry  will 
be  considered  later,  after  the  other  pines  which  furnish  the  balance 
of  the  supply,  have  been  considered. 
It  may  be  appropriate  to  consider  at  this  point 
THE  PHYSIOLOGY  OF  THE  RESINS, 
since  these  compounds  are  most  abundant  in  the  long-leaf  pine.  As 
long  ago  as  1867,  Hlasiwetz5  pointed  out  the  relation  between  the 
decomposition  products  of  the  resins  and  the  tannins. 
It  is  pertinent  to  note  in  this  connection  that  all  the  facts  observed 
regarding  the  oleoresins  of  the  pines  show  that  they  are  very 
closely  associated  with  the  tannins.  While  this,  of  itself,  does  not 
prove  that  the  former  are  derived  from  the  latter,  the  nature  of  the 
association  is  such  as  to  strongly  suggest  such  a  conclusion.  For 
example,  a  secretion  reservoir  begins  in  a  cluster  of  a  few  thin- 
walled  cells,  rich  in  granular  protoplasm,  which  early  shows  an 
abundance  of  tannin.  Later  on,  oleoresinous  matters  appear,  and, 
as  these  increase  in  quantity,  the  tannin  and  the  protoplasm  dimin- 
2 Am.  Jour.  Phar.,  1S90  p.  284. 
•Journal  of  Analytical  and  Applied  Chemistry,  «,  i  and  7,  99. 
4  Journal  of  the  American  Chemical  Society,  ig,  844. 
5  Ueber  die  Beziehuug  der  Gerbsauren,  Glucoside,  Phlobaphene  imd  Harze, 
Sitzb.  d.  mathem.-naturw.  CI.,  55,  (II)  575,  Annalen,  143,  290. 
