242  North  American  Conifer  03.  {Am'^;^rm' 
variation  in  the  temperature  of  distillation  seemed  to  indicate,  it 
certainly  must  have  been  a  terpene  if  we  judge  from  the  com- 
bustion result. 
Four  trials  were  made  on  No.  2,  in  order  to  ascertain  its  vapor 
density.  The  results  compared  with  air  were  5  09,  5-24,4-38  and  5-09. 
The  theoretical  density  of  C10H16  is  470,  and  that  for  C15H24  is  7  07. 
Recapitulation. — The  results  of  this  investigation  of  the  chemistry 
of  the  volatile  oil  of  Cicuta  maculata  may  be  summed  up  in  the 
following  words  : 
The  oil  is  composed  mainly  of  two  fractions,  both  terpenes,  boil- 
ing respectively  at  177*5°  and  I79,5°  C;  and  in  addition  to  these 
are  two  smaller  fractions,  also  terpenes,  boiling  at  18 1°  and  185 0  C, 
respectively,  and  a  number  of  smaller  fractions  of  undetermined 
chemical  composition,  having  nearly  all  the  physical  characteristics 
of  the  terpenes  of  the  general  formula  C10Hl6 
Both  the  oil  and  its  fractions  are  readily  soluble  in  commercial 
alcohol,  acetone,  ether,  benzin,  benzol,  chloroform  and  carbon 
disulphide.    They  are  insoluble  in  water  and  glycerin. 
The  oil  and  each  of  its  two  principal  fractions  react  violently  with 
strong  nitric  acid,  and  quietly  with  iodine,  producing  a  colorless 
solution. 
With  a  larger  quantity  of  material  to  work  upon,  some  future 
investigator  may  be  able  to  prove  the  presence  of  some  other  sub- 
stances in  this  oil  besides  terpenes;  but  from  all  the  observations 
made  during  these  investigations  the  writer  is  prone  to  believe  that 
it  is  simply  a  mixture  of  terpenes  with  possibly  a  small  trace  of  an 
oxygenated  compound. 
A  CONTRIBUTION  TO  THE  KNOWLEDGE  OF  SOME 
NORTH  AMERICAN  CONIFERS. 
By  Edson  S.  Bastin  and  Henry  Trimble. 
{Continued  from  page  210.) 
THE  TURPENTINE  INDUSTRY. 
The  resinous  products  of  the  Coniferse  and  their  derivatives  are 
known  in  commercial  circles  as  naval  stores.  This  industry  has 
been  carried  on  in  the  Southern  United  States  for  about  two  centu- 
ries. The  following  historical  data  are  of  considerable  interest,  and 
are  taken  in  part  from  Bulletin  No.  5  of  the  North  Carolina 
