Am.  Jour.  Pharni. 
May,  1896. 
Examination  Questions. 
273 
most  satisfactory  in  taste  and  general  appearance  has  the  following  formula: 
Sodium  nitrate,  2  grammes;  citric  acid,  13  grammes;  sodium  phosphate,  100 
grammes;  and  sufficient  water  to  measure  100  cubic  centimetres. 
Professor  Trimble  called  attention  to  a  serious  error  in  a  formula  published 
recently  in  ©ne  of  the  drug  journals,  where  nitrite  of  sodium  was  directed. 
This,  when  brought  into  contact  with  the  other  constituents,  is  decomposed 
with  evolution  of  red  fumes. 
Mr.  Chas.  H.  La  Wall  presented  the  last  paper,  which  was  ent' tied  "AThermom 
etric  Stirring  Rod."  (See  page  260).  This  instrument  serves  the  double  purpose 
of  stirring  rod  and  thermometer,  and  where  it  can  be  utilized  has  the  advantage 
over  the  latter  in  requiring  less  careful  watching.  It  consists  simply  of  a  piece 
of  glass  tubing  closed  at  one  end  by  fusion  and  partly  filled  with  a  mixture  of 
paraffin,  wax  and  other  substances,  in  proportions  varying  so  that  the  melting 
point  of  the  contents  of  the  rod  will  indicate  the  temperature.  These  rods  can 
be  made  so  that  they  will  individually  indicate  temperatures  ranging  from  400  C. 
to  900  C.    Samples  of  them  were  exhibited. 
On  motion,  the  meeting  adjourned.  Thos.  S.  Wiegand, 
Registrar. 
EXAMINATION  QUESTIONS   OF  THE  PHILADEL- 
PHIA COLLEGE  OF  PHARMACY,  1895-6. 
FIRST  YEAR  EXAMINATION. 
PHARMACY. 
A — Percolation.  (1)  Define  its  principle  of  action.  (2)  What  are  the  advan- 
tages of  previous  maceration?  (3)  How  may  the  exhaustion  of  the  drug  be 
determined  ?  (4)  How  may  the  alcohol  remaining  in  an  exhausted  drug  be 
economically  recovered  ?  (5)  Name  two  methods  of  regulating  the  flow  of  the 
percolate.    (6)  What  is  repercolation  ?    Describe  its  advantages. 
B — Solvents  and  Menstrua.  (1)  What  solvent  is  most  frequently  used  in 
pharmacy  ?  (2)  Name  five  solvents  in  the  order  of  their  importance,  stating 
the  class  of  substances  for  which  each  solvent  is  adapted.  (3)  In  what  respects 
does  a  solution  differ  from  a  percolate  ?  (4)  Define  simple  solution,  compound 
solution,  chemical  solution,  menstruum,  diluent,  macerate,  marc. 
CHEMISTRY. 
C—(i)  Give  the  formula  of  a  haloid  acid,  and  of  an  oxygen  acid,  and  explain 
the  difference  between  them.  (2)  What  is  meant  by  the  basicity  of  an  acid? 
Illustrate  by  examples.  (3)  Explain  the  difference  between  a  neutral  and  an 
acid  salt,  and  illustrate  by  examples. 
D — (1)  Write  the  reactions  for  the  production  of  hydrogen  sulphide,  and 
the  production  of  nitric  acid.    (2)  Complete  the  reactions  : 
Mn02  +  4HCI  = 
Na2S,A  +  H2S04  == 
Ca3(P04)2  +  2H2S04  =. 
BOTANY. 
E— Structure.  (1)  What  are  the  two  most  important  uses  of  the  root?  (2) 
Name  three  other  ways  in  which  some  roots  may  be  useful  to  the  plant.  (3) 
