A.m.  Jour.  Pharm. 
June,  18y6. 
North  American  Conifer  ce. 
333 
OCCURRENCE. 
The  tree  grows  in  poor  soil  from  Long  Island  to  South  Carolina, 
and  westward  to  Kentucky.  It  abounds  in  southern  New  Jersey, 
eastern  Virginia  and  in  some  parts  of  Pennsylvania. 
CHEMICAL  COMPOSITION. 
A  sample  of  the  stem  bark  collected  in  southern  New  Jersey  in 
November  gave  the  following  results  for  tannin  and  ash : 
Per  Cent. 
Moisture  12*92 
Ash  in  absolutely  dry  bark    2*01 
Tannin  in  absolutely  dry  bark   4-82 
ECONOMICS. 
Owing  to  its  small  size  and  the  thickness  of  its  sap-wood  it  is  but 
little  used  for  lumber,  and,  although  it  is  rather  rich  in  resin,  it  is 
not  much  employed  as  a  source  of  this  product. 
The  percentage  of  tannin  would  scarcely  warrant  the  use  of  the 
bark  in  the  manufacture  of  leather,  except  during  a  time  of  scarcity 
of  other  materials.    The  principal  use  of  the  wood  is  for  fuel. 
PINUS  SYLVESTRIS,  L1NNE. 
GENERAL  CHARACTERS  AND  OCCURRENCE. 
The  Scotch  fir  or  Scotch  pine,  as  it  is  commonly  called,  is  a  native 
of  Britain,  northern  Europe,  the  Alps,  Pyrenees,  Carpathian  and 
Caucasus  Mountain  regions  and  northern  Asia.  It  is  also  much 
cultivated  as  an  ornamental  tree  in  this  country.  It  not  only  has  a 
wide  geographical  range,  but  is  capable  of  living  under  a  great 
variety  of  conditions  of  soil  and  temperature.  Under  favorable 
conditions  it  attains  a  height  of  80  to  100  feet  and  a  diameter  of 
from  2  to  4  feet.  It  has  a  straight  trunk,  covered  with  a  deeply- 
fissured,  reddish  gray  bark,  numerous,  spreading,  tortuous  branches, 
and  a  rather  dense,  rounded  or  flattish  top.  Cones  usually  solitary, 
on  short  stalks,  ovoid- conical  before  opening,  about  2  inches  long; 
scales  woody,  thickened  at  the  ends,  the  apophysis  rhomboidal,  with 
a  central  tubercle.  The  leaves  are  usually  in  twos,  from  a  scarious 
sheath  about  y±  of  an  inch  long,  glaucous,  rigid,  bluish-green 
in  color,  from  1  ]/2  to  3  inches  long,  flat  or  channeled  on  the 
upper  surface  and  convex  on  the  lower,  from  eleven  to  thirteen  rows 
of  stomata  on  the  flat  or  channeled  surface,  and  from  twelve  to  fif- 
teen rows  on  the  convex  surface. 
