360  Some  Recent  Sugar  Reactions.  {AmjJu°iy'i896arm' 
tion  and  a  solution  of  safranine,  I  part  to  1 ,000  parts  of  water,  are 
mixed. 
The  mixture  is  heated  in  a  test  tube,  avoiding  agitation  as  much 
as  possible,  till  freely  boiling.  If  the  urine  contains  more  than  o-i 
per  cent.,  the  liquid  is  decolorized,  otherwise  the  red  color  remains 
intact  or  is  only  partly  destroyed.  If  the  color  is  destroyed,  the 
test  may  be  repeated  with  twice  or  three  times  the  volume  of  the 
safranine  solution,  each  2  c.c.  of  which  roughly  represents  01  per 
cent,  of  the  glucose. 
As  stated,  the  test  depends  upon  formation  of  a  colorless  leuco- 
derivative. 
On  diluting  such  a  decolorized  mixture,  the  red  safranine  color 
is  again  restored,  also  by  vigorous  agitation  of  the  test  tube  in  the 
the  case  of  a  small  sugar  percentage. 
Albumin,  by  prolonged  boiling,  will  also  act  like  glucose,  and 
must  therefore  be  first  removed. 
The  following  statement  accompanies  the  above  directions : 
Any  discharge  of  color  in  the  non-presence  of  albumin  in  the 
urine  may  be  set  down  as  being  due  to  sugar. 
The  test  is  stated  to  remain  unaffected  by  uric  acid,  creatine,  crea- 
tinine, chloral,  chloroform,  hydrogen  peroxide  or  salts  of  hydroxy- 
lamine. 
The  writer  would  extend  this  list  to  the  following  compounds, 
which  were  subjected  to  the  safranine  test  in  10  per  cent,  aqueous 
solutions  as  follows  : 
Two  cubic  centimetres  each  of  the  solution,  normal  KOH  solution, 
and  the  given  strength  safranine  solution  were  heated  to  boiling  in 
the  usual  manner.  Acetone,  antipyrine,  chloral  hydrate,  potassium 
chlorate,  tannin,  gallic  acid,  pyrogallol,  resorcin,  hypophosphites, 
oxalates,  salicylates,  peptone  of  digestion,  cane  sugar,  sodium  phos- 
phate, piperazine,  slight  action  upon  egg  albumin. 
REMARKS. 
Acetone  is  not  affected  in  subjecting  it  to  the  safranine  test. 
This  is  an  advantage  over ,  Fehling's  solution,  the  latter  being 
slightly  reduced. 
With  tannin,  the  safranine  mixture  turns  very  dark. 
Milk  sugar  has  the  same  action  as  glucose. 
Action  upon  the  Urinary  Secretion. — Normal  urine,  when  unaf- 
