366  Standardization  of  Solid  Extracts.  {^mjliy*im&TW' 
eliminated  urine  will  turn  the  blue  color  of  this  test  liquid  to 
red. 
In  a  case  of  sulphonal  urine,  a  similar  effect  was  also  noticed. 
As  given  by  the  author,  this  test  is  too  tedious. 
The  writer  employs  freshly  prepared  Fehling's  solution,  following 
the  direction  of  Worm-Mueller  in  the  observation  of  time  and  other 
points. 
5  c.c.  each  of  Fehling's  solution  and  of  urine  are  taken. 
If  the  urine  contains  o-i  per  cent,  of  glucose,  the  effects  stated 
in  the  Worm-Mueller  reaction  will  take  place  in  less  than  one-half 
minute. 
Urine  containing  0-05  per  cent,  will  deposit  the  oxide,  when  un- 
diluted Fehling's  solution  is  employed,  on  ten  to  fifteen  minutes' 
standing. 
With  urine  containing  0-025  per  cent,  of  glucose,  dilution  of 
Fehling's  solution  is  necessary. 
On  making  the  proportion  2  c.c.  of  the  copper  solution  and 
3  c.c.  of  water,  taking  5  c.c.  of  the  urine,  the  above  sugar  percent- 
age in  urine  responds  quite  readily. 
SOLID  EXTRACTS  AND  THEIR  STANDARDIZATION.1 
By  Charles  H.  IvaWau,.  ^ 
With  each  succeeding  revision  of  the  United  States  Pharmacopoeia 
since  i860  there  has  been  a  marked  improvement  in  the  various 
classes  of  Galenical  preparations.  The  processes  for  the  individual 
tinctures  and  fluid  extracts  have  been  subjected  to  criticism  and 
subsequently  altered  when  it  was  found  necessary,  so  that,  at  the 
present  time,  an  official  process,  when  carefully  adhered  to  in  all  of 
its  details,  will  produce  a  satisfactory  preparation. 
It  is  particularly  noticeable  that  the  solid  extracts  have  not 
shared,  to  any  great  extent,  in  the  improvements  of  the  past  few 
decades,  but  that  the  same  lack  of  uniformity  exists  at  the  present 
time  as  was  formerly  the  case.  The  pharmacist  of  to-day,  when  he 
goes  to  the  shelf  for  a  jar  of  solid  extract  to  aid  him  in  compound- 
ing a  prescription,  is  under  the  same  disadvantage  as  formerly,  in 
not  certainly  knowing  whether  he  will  be  able  to  pour  out  the 
1  Read  at  the  meeting  of  the  Pennsylvania  Pharmaceutical  Association,  June 
16,  1896. 
