Am.  Jour.  Pliarm. 
July,  1896. 
} 
North  American  Conifer  ce. 
385 
are  terminal,  the  fertile  scales  much  exceeding  the  bracts;  the  cones 
are  pendulous,  maturing  the  first  year;  the  seeds  are  winged,  and 
the  embryo  has  from  four  to  eight  cotyledons, 
This  species  occupies  the  northern  portion  of  our  continent  from 
Newfoundland,  through  Labrador,  the  Hudson's  Bay  region,  mouth 
of  the  Mackenzie  River,  and  the  Valley  of  the  Yukon.  Itgoccurs 
also  in  northern  Maine,  northern  New  Hampshire,  northern  Ver- 
mont, northern  New  York,  Canada,  northern  Michigan,  northern 
Fig.  jp,  cross-section  of  leaf  of  Picea  alba,  magnified  75  diameters.  £p,repi- 
dermis  ;  ky,  hypodernia  ;  st,  stoma  ;  sec.  r,  secretion  reservoir  for  oleoresin  ; 
m,  mesophyll  cell  ;  en,  endodermis  ;  t,  transfusion  tissue;  xy,  xylenTof  bundle  ; 
fih,  phloem. 
Wisconsin,  north  shore  of  Lake  Superior,  northern  Minnesota,  the 
Black  Hills  of  Dakota,  Montana  and  British  Columbia.  The  tree, 
under  favorable  conditions,  attains  a  height  of  150  feet  or  more, 
and  a  diameter  at  its  base  of  2  or  3  feet,  but  in  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  United  States  it  is  usually  smaller,  seldom  reaching  a  height 
of  100  feet.  It  favors  damp  soil,  the  borders  of  streams  and  lakes, 
and  swampy  regions.  Its  general  aspect  is  lighter  than  that  of  any 
other  species  of  its  genus,  its  leaves  being  glaucous,  its  twigs 
smooth  and  light-colored,  and  its  bark  lighter  than  that  of  the  other 
species.  Its  cones  are  oblong-cylindrical,  pendulous  and  lax,  and 
its  scales  thin  and  entire-margined.    The  length  of  the  cones  varies 
PICEA  ALBA,  LINK. 
WHITE  OR  SINGLE  SPRUCE. 
