A  octobUer,Pi89a6rm-}     Kino  in  Species  from  Myristica.  547 
which  the  Myristica  kino  shares,  without  perceptible  difference,  with 
the  drug  of  Pterocarpus  : 
(1)  The  reddish  solution  of  the  M.  kino  in  cold  water  does  not 
show  at  first  any  alteration  on  addition  of  a  solution  of  a  ferrous 
salt  (sulphate) ;  but  a  deep  violet  color  appears  as  soon  as  the  neu- 
tralization of  the  more  or  less  acid  liquid,  either  with  an  alkaline 
acetate  or  diluted  lime  water  has  been  effected. 
(2)  The  same  or  a  very  similar  violet  coloration  is  observed 
when  the  aqueous  kino  solution  is  shaken  with  iron  reduced  by 
hydrogen  and  then  filtered  ;  the  liquid  obtained  in  this  way  is  not 
altered  by  warming  and  evaporation,  whereas,  similar  solutions  pre- 
pared with  catechu  rapidly  turn  green  by  warming  in  the  open  air 
("  Pharmacographia,"  p.  196).  The  violet-colored  solution  is  decol- 
orized by  acids,  and  then  assumes  a  red  color  on  adding  diluted 
caustic  alkalies  or  alkaline  carbonates. 
(3)  Inorganic  acids,  as  well  as  roluble  chromates  and  several 
metallic  salts,  as,  for  instance,-  lead  and  copper  acetates,  produce 
abundant  amorphous  precipitates  in  the  aqueous  solution,  consisting 
of  the  metallic  compounds  of  kino-tannic  acid  or  an  acid  closely 
allied  to  the  latter. 
(4)  The  aqueous  solution  turns  distinctly  green  on  addition  of  a 
small  quantity  of  ferric  chloride  dissolved  in  water  or  alcohol.  In 
this  reaction  the  ferric  salt  is  reduced  to  the  ferrous  state,  as  is 
shown  by  adding  to  the  diluted  green-colored  liquid  a  few  drops  of 
a  solution  of  potassium  ferricyanide,  this  reagent  causing  a  deep 
blue  coloration  or  precipitate. 
(5)  Neither  diluted  acids  nor  solutions  of  alkalies  produce  sensi- 
ble changes  of  color  in  the  aqueous  or  alcoholic  solutions  of  kino  ; 
yet  the  pale  brown  precipitate  (kino-tannic  acid)  produced  by  acids 
in  the  aqueous  kino  solution,  after  washing  out  the  acid  liquid  and 
then  again  dissolving  in  water,  deposits  a  red  sediment  (kino-red) 
on  evaporation  of  the  solution  at  100°.  The  same  substance — solu- 
ble with  a  fine  deep  raspberry  color  in  alcohol — is  likewise  formed 
as  a  sediment,  when  kino  is  boiled  for  some  time  with  a  double  or 
triple  quantity  of  diluted  hydrochloric  acid  (sp.  gr.  1-03-1  05)  and 
then  allowed  to  cool.  In  all  the  above-described  chemical  reactions, 
the  new  kino,  "  Kat  jadikai,"  the  dried  juice  of  the  bark  of  Myristica 
malabarica  behaved  so  much  like  true  Pterocarpus  kino,  that  I  was 
first  induced  to  think  that  there  had  been  some  mistake  or  confusion 
