Am.  Jour.  Pbarm. ) 
October,  1896.  / 
North  American  Conifers. 
557 
small  size,  separated  from  each  other  by  large,  thin-walled  cells  and 
surrounded  by  a  several-layered  pericycle,  in  which  occurred  a  few 
thick-walled  fibres.  The  endodermis  enclosing  the  whole  was  com- 
posed of  rather  large  cells,  which  had  their  walls  but  slightly  thick- 
ened ;  they  formed  a  nearly  perfect  circle,  and  not  an  ellipse,  as  in 
the  Pinus.  The  mesophyll  cells  had  perfectly  plain  walls,  that  is, 
they  were  neither  wavy  nor  folded.    They  contained  much  tannin. 
CHEMICAL  COMPOSITION. 
Proximate  Analysis  of  Root  Bark. — Absolute  alcohol  extracted 
1 8- 5  5  per  cent,  of  a  red-brown  extract.  Petroleum  ether  had  very 
little  solvent  effect  upon  this  extract,  indicating  but  a  small  amount 
of  volatile  oil.  Water  dissolved  an  amount  of  it  equal  to  10  60 
per  cent,  of  the  weight  of  the  bark.  The  remainder  was  red-brown 
resinous  matter.  After  treating  the  bark  with  absolute  alcohol  it 
was  exhausted  with  water.  The  water  solution  contained  glucose 
and  a  small  amount  of  mucilage.  This  sample  of  bark  contained 
8-95  per  cent,  of  moisture.    It  was  collected  in  July. 
Proximate  Analysis  of  Stem  Bark. — The  material  was  taken  from 
*  the  tree  that  yielded  the  root  bark  used  in  the  foregoing  analysis. 
The  absolute  alcohol  extract  amounted  to  18-07  Per  cent.  It  was 
of  a  green  color  and  softened  when  warmed.  Some  of  the  oleo- 
resinous  and  coloring  matter  dissolved  in  petroleum  ether.  When 
the  residue  was  treated  with  water  9-92  per  cent,  of  resinous  matters 
and  chlorophyll  were  left  undissolved.  Water  applied  to  the  bark, 
after  extracting  it  with  absolute  alcohol,  dissolved  glucose  and  a  very 
considerable  quantity  of  mucilaginous  substance.  The  moisture  in 
this  sample  of  the  bark  amounted  to  7-40  per  cent. 
Proximate  Analysis  of  Leaves. — Some  recently-collected  leaves 
were  found  to  yield  13-53  per  cent,  of  a  very  dark  green  extract 
when  exhausted  with  absolute  alcohol.  Petroleum  ether  dissolved 
a  considerable  quantity  of  the  coloring  matter  and  volatile  oil. 
Water  dissolved  the  tannin  and  some  other  constituents,  but  left 
301  per  cent,  of  resinous  matter  and  chlorophyll  undissolved. 
After  treating  the  leaves  with  absolute  alcohol,  water  was  applied  to 
the  residual  bark.  The  water  solution  was  found  to  contain  glucose 
and  a  small  amount  of  mucilage.  The  leaves  used  in  the  analysis 
contained  41-26  per  cent,  of  moisture.  They  were  collected  in 
September,  1896. 
