^"'rer'^is^s*™'}        Minutes  of  the  Pharmaceutical  Meeting.  109 
Annatto. — The  two  principal  constituents  are  orantin  and  carotin^ 
the  former  of  which  is  obtained  by  digesting  50  Gm.  of  annatto  with 
100  Gm.  of  sodium  carbonate  in  1  liter  of  water,  and  evaporating  to 
one-half,  while  carotin  is  prepared  by  digesting  annatto  in  oil. — BiecL 
Centr.j  1884,  p.  215.  Carotin  was  discovered  by  A^^ackenroder  (1832) 
in  the  root  of  Daucus  Carota,  Linne. 
MINUTES  OF  THE  PHARMACEUTICAL  MEETING. 
Philadelphia,  January  20,  1885. 
The  Pharmaceutical  meeting  of  the  College  was  held  this  day,  Dillwyn 
Parrish,  President,  occupying  the  chair. 
The  minutes  of  tlie  last  meeting  were  read  and  adopted  witliout  alteration. 
The  Registrar  ^^resented  to  the  College  the  report  of  the  Superintendent 
of  Public  Schools,  and  a  copy  of  the  work  entitled  "  Elementary  Lessons  on 
Electricity  and  Magnetism,"  by  Silvanus  Thompson  ;  also  a  "  Text-book  of 
Physics,"  by  Henry  Kiddle  ;  the  first  being  from  the  Superintendent  of 
the  Public  Schools,  the  other  two  from  our  fellow-member,  Mr.  John  E. 
Cook.    The  thanks  of  the  College  were  voted  to  the  donors. 
A  paper  upon  "  The  Advantages  of  Preliminary  Examination  to  Phar- 
macy and  to  this  College,"  was  read  by  Mr.  Wm.  B.  Thompson,  and  on 
motion  of  Mr.  Blair,  seconded  by  Mr.  Hancock,  referred  to  the  Committee 
of  Publication  (see  page  65). 
Prof.  Maisch  afterwards  read  the  resolution  which  had  been  offered  by 
Prof.  Procter  at  the  first  Convention  of  Colleges,  and  was  adopted. 
Mr.  Thompson  thought  that  this  did  not  change  the  spirit  of  Mr.  Taylor's 
resolution,  while  Mr.  Maisch  believed  that  there  was  a  decided  difference, 
the  former  aiming  at  determining  the  educational  acquirements  of  the 
young  man  before  becoming  an  apprentice,  and  the  other  subsequently 
when  the  young  man  was  seeking  further  instruction  at  a  college. 
Professor  Maisch  said  that  he  well  remembered  the  excellent  paper  by 
Prof.  Parrish,  referred  to  by  Mr.  Thompson,  and  that  from  his  intercourse 
with  Professors  Procter  and  Parrish  he  was  quite  familiar  with  their  views  ,* 
that  while  both  desired  the  apprentice  to  have  completed  his  general  educa- 
tion before  entering  the  business,  they  had  considered  it  wrong  to  exclude 
young  pharmacists  from  the  College.  He  said  that  in  Europe  the  educa- 
tional standard  was  determined  before  the  young  man  was  permitted  to 
become  an  apprentice,  but  that  afterwards  he  encountered  no  obstacle  in 
pursuing  his  studies.  In  answer  to  a  question  by  Mr.  Blair,  he  explained 
that  in  Germany  a  young  man  had  to  attain  a  prescribed  grade  in  the  clas- 
sical school,  called  Gymnasium,  before  he  could  become  an  apprentice 
^Lehrling),  that  his  employer  was  by  law  compelled  to  instruct  him  in 
practical  botany  and  chemistry,  that  at  the  close  of  his  apprenticeship  he 
had  to  pass  an  examination  as  assistant,  and  after  having  served  for  several 
years  as  such,  could  enter,  without  further  examination,  the  university  to 
