200  Alkaloids  from  Remijia  Purdieana.  {'^"Apriil'iSr'''' 
sulphuric  acid,  and  shaken,  when  the  sulphates  of  concusconine,  chai- 
ramine,  conchairamine,  chairamidine  and  conchairamidine  are  precipi- 
tated, (A)  whilst  the  sulphates  of  ciuchonine  and  cinchonamine,  with 
small  quantities  of  the  other  bases,  remain  in  solution  (B).  By  addi- 
tion of  very  dilute  nitric  acid  to  the  solution  (B)  cinchonamine  is 
precipitated  as  nitrate  and  ciuchonine  is  left  in  solution.  The  preci- 
pitate A  is  diojested  with  dilute  soda,  and  the  separated  alkaloids,  after 
washing,  are  dried  in  the  air,  dissolved  in  hot  alcohol,  and  sulphu- 
ric acid  diluted  with  alcohol,  added  in  the  proportion  of  1  part  H2SO4 
to  8  parts  of  the  alkaloids.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the  concuseonine 
separates  as  sulphate,  a  further  very  small  quantity  separating  on  cool- 
ing. On  adding  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid  to  the  cold  alcoholic 
filtrate,  chairamine  separates  as  hydrochloride.  The  mother-liquor 
from  this  is  heated,  and  small  quantities  of  ammonium  thiocyanate 
added  as  long  as  a  crystalline  precipitate  is  formed  of  conchair amine 
thiocyanate.  After  cooling  and  filtering,  the  liquid  is  again  treated 
with  ammonium  thiocyanate,  when  a  dark-colored  pitch-like  mass 
separates ;  the  filtrate  from  this  is  treated  with  ammonia,  and  the 
resulting  precipitate  shaken  up  with  benzene.  The  benzene  solution 
is  shaken  with  dilute  acetic  acid,  and  the  solution  of  the  acetates  so 
obtained  mixed  with  a  saturated  aqueous  solution  of  ammonium  sul- 
phate, when  a  precipitate  of  chairamidine  and  conchairamidine  sul- 
phates is  obtained.  These  are  separated  by  dissolving  them  in  boiling 
water  and  cooling,  when  the  whole  gelatinizes ;  on  standing,\crystals 
appear,  the  crystallization  being  complete  after  some  days ;  on  now 
heating  to  40°,  the  chairamidine  sulphate  dissolves,  whilst  conchair- 
amidine sulphate  is  left.  The  process  must  be  repeated  several  times 
on  the  solution  to  obtain  a  pure  product. 
Cinchonamine  and  its  salts  have  been  to  some  extent  described  by 
Arnaud  ("Am.  Jour.  Phar.,"  1884,  156),  Avhose  results  the  author  in 
general  confirms,  although  differing  in  some  details.  Cinchonamine, 
Ci9H2^N20,  crystallizes  in  brilliant  colorless  needles,  melts  when  anhy- 
drous at  184  to  185°  (194°  Arnaud),  is  readily  soluble  in  hot  alcohol, 
ether,  chloroform,  carbon  bisulphide,  and  benzene,  sparingly  soluble  in 
light  petroleum  and  water.  Its  alcoholic  solution  has  a  strong  bitter  taste, 
and  an  alkaline  reaction,  and  is  dextrorotary :  [«]d  =  +  ]21*1°  at  p. 
=  2  and  t.  =  16°.  It  dissolves  in  concentrated  sulphuric  acid  with 
reddish  yellow  color,  which  slowly  darkens ;  in  nitric  acid  with  an 
intense  yellow.    It  is  soluble  in  concentrated  hydrochloric  acid,  but  it 
