210         Pharmaceutical  Colleges  and  Associations.  {^'^'Ap^i'ilsr'^' 
4.  Explain  briefly  the  principles  upon  which  the  artificial  system  of  clas- 
sification by  Linn6  is  based. 
5.  Lobelia.  Give  the  botanical  name  and  habitat  of  the  plant.  Describe 
it  (stem,  branches,  leaves,  calyx,  corolla,  stamens,  ovary  and  fruit).  Give 
its  medical  properties  and  dose. 
6.  Give  the  botanical  characters  of  the  natural  order  of  Urticacese.  What 
difference  is  observed  between  American  and  Indian  Cannabis?  Give  the 
medical  properties  and  the  dose  of  the  Extract  of  Cannabis. 
PHARMACY. 
1.  If  the  specific  gravity  of  alcohol  is  0-820  at  15-6°C.  (60°F.),  how  much 
will  the  water  weigh  at  the  same  temperature,  which  will  exactly  fill  a 
bottle  holding  205  grains  of  such  alcohol? 
2.  Define  the  process  of  trituration,  and  write  out  a  description  of  the 
mortars  and  pestles  in  use  for  all  purposes  of  comminution,  naming  the 
substances  that  these  implements  are  usually  made  of ;  the  special  uses  of 
mortar  and  pestle  made  from  each  substance ;  the  best  shape  for  each  kind; 
the  reason  for  selecting  the  shape,  and  the  prominent  defects  in  the  manu- 
facture of  many  found  in  commerce. 
3  Define  the  processes  of  evaporation,  distillation  and  sublimation,  and 
state  how  sublimates  may  be  obtained  in  hard  masses,  in  long  crystals,  in 
small  particles. 
4.  Name  the  systems  in  which  crystals  are  classed.  Describe  three 
methods  of  obtaining  crystals,  and  give  examples  of  chemical  substances 
obtained  by  each  method. 
5.  Describe  four  methods  of  preparing  Syrups  ;  give  the  advantages  and 
disadvantages  of  each  method  with  illustrations  of  four  officinal  Syrups, 
indicating  in  each  case  the  reason  for  the  preference  given  to  the  adopted 
method. 
6.  How  is  Li(juor  Potassje  ))rep{;red  by  the  first  process  given  in  the  U.  S. 
Pharmacopoeia?  Explain  the  various  steps  in  the  process,  and  give  the 
reason  for  selecting  the  Salt  of  Potassium  which  is  directed.  What  is  the 
ciiemical  composition  of  the  residue. 
CHEMISTRY. 
1 —  a.  Describe  the  thermometer,  and  state  its  uses. 
6.  In  what  respects  do  the  two  thermometer  scales  recognized  by  the 
Pharmacojxeia  differ  from  each  other? 
c.  Give  tlie  formulas  for  converting  the  readings  of  one  scale  into 
those  of  another. 
2—  a.  What  is  magnetism? 
b.  Give  the  distinction  between  a  native  magnet,  an  artificial  magnet 
and  an  electro  magnet 
3—  a.  Write  two  reactions,  using  the  symbols,  for  the  preparation  of  Chlo- 
rine Gas. 
b.  Describe  the  experiments  illustrating  the  affinity  of  Chlorine  for 
Hydrogen. 
4.  Define  an  acid,  a  base  and  a  salt,  and  give  an  example  of  each. 
5.  What  is  a  Sulphate,  a  Sulphite,  a  Thio-sulphate?  Give  the  chemical 
formulas  of  the  free  Acids  in  each  case,  and  of  two  salts  of  each. 
6.  Enumerate  the  natural  varieties  of  Carbon,  and  the  artificial  prepared 
varieties,  stating  with  each  of  the  latter  how  it  is  prepared. 
The  examination  in  Operative  Pharmacy  embraced  percolation,  solution, 
filtration  and  evaporation.    The  specimens  for  recognition  were  as  follows  : 
Anthemis, 
Mentha  piperita, 
Sambucus, 
Aqua  Carui, 
Syrupus  Zingiberis, 
Extract.  Ergota?  fluidum, 
Sulphur  prsecipitatum, 
Potassii  bromidum, 
Ferri  sulphas, 
Alcohol. 
