226 
Illicium  Floridanum. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
1      May,  1885. 
inner  bark,  inrough  which  the  medullary  rays  pass.  The  cells  of  the 
rays  are  larger  than  the  surrounding  bast  parenchyma,  and  in  the  outer 
liber  layer  gradually  increase  in  size  to  that  of  the  cells  in  the  primary 
or  outer  bark.  The  secondary  bark  contains  no  bast  fibres  and  is 
made  up  of  about  12  layers  of  cells.  The  primary  bark  is  composed 
of  about  24  layers,  the  cells  increasing  in  size  as  they  approach  the 
middle.  The  cambium  layer  consists  of  about  three  rows  of  minute 
cells.  The  wood  contains  numerous  medullary  rays,  one  or  two  cells 
wide  and  from  five  to  twenty  cells  high  in  an  axial  direction.  It  fur- 
thermore contains  wood  parenchyma,  ducts  and  prosenchyma.  The 
cells  of  the  first  are  somewhat  thickened,  are  axially  elongated  and 
found  between  the  groups  of  medullary  rays.  The  ducts  are  thinner- 
walled  and  larger  than  the  prosenchyma,  and  have  spiral  and  scalari- 
form  markings,  while  the  prosenchyma  cells  are  quadrangular  and  are 
marked  by  dots  and  disks. 
Stem. — The  bark  is  made  up  of  two  distinct  layers  (Figs.  3  and  4)  be- 
sides the  cork.  The  cork  cells  are  flattened,  closely  packed,  and  elon- 
gated in  a  tangential  direction.  The  primary  bark  is  composed  of  large, 
thin-walled  cells,  which  on  cross-section  are  hexagonal  and  tangentially 
elongated.  The  inner  layer  of  the  primary  bark  has  two  or  three  inter- 
rupted circles  of  oil  cells,  the  rest  being  smaller  and  hexagonal.  The 
outer  layer  of  the  primary  bark  is  composed  of  hexagonal,  tangentially 
elongated  and  large  cells.  The  secondary  bark  is  composed  of  a  layer 
of  about  twenty  bast  parenchyma  cells  and  twelve  cells  of  the  medul- 
lary rays,  these  latter  being  larger  and  the  secondary  deposit  relatively 
thinner  than  in  the  former  cells,  these  being  axially  elongated.  The 
cambium  layer  is  about  three  cells  in  thickness.  (Figs.  Sand  6.)  The 
wood  consists  of  medullary  rays,  wood  parenchyma,  ducts  and  pros- 
enchyma. The  medullary  rays,  on  a  cross-section,  are  seen  to  be  made 
up  of  small  radially  elongated  cells,  the  walls  of  which  are  materially 
thickened  by  secondary  deposit,  and  which  are  placed  in  one  or  two 
radial  rows,  each  row  containing,  in  an  axial  direction,  from  three  to 
seventeen  cells.  The  wood  parenchyma  is  only  found  between  the 
perpendicular  ends  of  the  medullary  rays,  consequently  in  axial  lines. 
(Figs.  7  and  8.)  The  cells  are  axially  elongated,  the  cell  walls  are 
considerably  thickened.  The  ducts  have  netted,  spiral  and  scalariform 
markings  (Fig.  9),  while  the  lateral  sides  of  the  prosenchyma  cells  are 
marked  with  dots  and  disks.    The  pith  is  composed  of  hexagonal  cells 
