Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
May,  1885. 
Illicium  F loridanum. 
227 
on  a  cross-section.  The  cells  are  smallest  near  the  wood,  and  gradu- 
ally enlarge  toward  the  centre. 
Leaf. — The  epidermis  is  composed  of  a  single  layer  of  flattened, 
thick-walled  empty  cells.  The  stomata  are  very  numerous  on  the 
lower  surface  (Fig.  10),  while  only  one  was  found  in  a  space  f  inch 
square  of  the  upper  surface.  They  are  made  up  of  four  cells,  two 
inner  and  two  outer  guard  cells.  (Fig.  11.)  On  a  cross-section,  the 
inner  guard  cells  are  seen  to  bulge  into  the  opening  at  about  half  the 
height  of  the  cells.  The  outer  guard  cells  are  slightly  larger  and 
overlap  the  inner  cells  at  the  edges.  The  rest  of  the  epidermal  cells 
have  wavy  cell  walls.  The  portion  of  the  leaf  between  the  epidermal 
layers  is  made  up  of  loose  parenchyma  with  large  air  passages  and 
a  single  palisade  layer  occupying  (Fig.  12)  about  one-fourth  the  thick- 
ness of  the  leaf.  The  midrib  is  composed  of  wood  fibres,  which,  on 
cross-section,  appear  quadrangular  with  their  cell  walls  slightly  thick- 
ened (Fig.  13).  This  prosenchymatous  tissue  is  arranged  in  radiat- 
ing lines  and  terminates  above  and  below  by  curves.  The  concav- 
ity, which  is  toward  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf,  is  filled  by  the 
large-celled  spiral  ducts,  and  above  this  is  a  single  row  of  bast  fibres. 
On  the  lower  side,  the  wood  is  surrounded  by  a  cambium  layer  and 
outside  of  this  there  are  two  or  three  layers  of  bast  fibres.  Surround- 
ing this  bundle  is  the  loose  parenchyma  tissue  of  the  leaf,  there  being 
three  layers  of  small  cells  above,  and  about  six  to  eight  layers  below, 
the  cells  as  they  approach  the  epidermis  becoming  thick-walled.  The 
upper  and  lower  surface  of  the  leaf  at  this  point  is  covered  by  a 
rather  thick  cuticle. 
Capsule  — The  capsules  are  composed  mainly  of  parenchymatous 
tissue,  there  being  only  one  unbranched  fibrovascular  bundle  in  each 
carpel  running  through  the  fleshy  portion  at  the  dorsal  suture  (Figs. 
14  and  15).  The  receptacle  for  the  seed  is  lined  Avith  closely  packed 
elongated  thick-walled  cells  having  one  end  directed  toward  the  seed. 
The  cells  near  the  ventral  suture  are  in  three  layers  (Fig.  16),  the  outer 
layer  being  composed  of  large  parenchyma  cells  which  are  elongated  in 
the  direction  of  the  style.  The  other  tw^o  layers  contain  axially  elon- 
gated cells  with  thickened  cell  walls,  those  of  the  middle  layer  having 
the  smaller  deposit.  The  outer  layer  is  made  up  of  about  four  rows 
of  cells  and  the  other  two  consist  of  about  ten  row\s  together. 
Seed. — The  seeds  are  albuminous.  The  albumen  consists  of  hex- 
agonal cells,  seen  in  the  section  (Fig.  17),  and  contain  oil.    The  endo- 
