464 
Obituary. 
j  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
t       Sept.,  1885. 
Professor  Dr.  Francis  Xavier  Landerer  was  born  in  Bavaria  in 
the  year  1809  and  studied  philosophy  and  medicine  at  the  University  of 
Munich.  When  Otho  I  v^^as  elected  King  of  Greece,  Landerer  was  called 
to  Athens  and  attached  to  the  school  of  pharmacy.  In  1834  a  Commission 
was  appointed  for  preparing  a  Greek  pharmacopoeia.  The  Commission 
consisted  of  Prof.  John  Bauro,  Prof.  Landerer  and  Jos.  Sartorius,  apothe- 
cary to  the  court,  and  the  pharmacopoeia,  an  octavo  volume  of  540  pages, 
was  publislied  in  the  Latin  and  new  Greek  languages  in  1837.  In  the  same 
year  the  University  of  Athens  was  founded  and  Landerer  was  appointed 
professor  of  physics,  chemistry  and  pharmacy,  but  in  1843  he  had  to  vacate 
the  chair  in  consequence  of  a  revolution  which  resulted  in  the  dismissal  of 
the  Bavarian  officials.  No  suitable  person  being  found  to  fill  his  place,  he 
was  reappointed  by  special  act  in  1845.  In  the  mean  time  he  occupied  also 
the  chair  of  chemical  technology  in  the  Polytechnic  Institute  without  receiv- 
ing any  compensation  for  the  labor,  and  when  his  former  pupil,  St.  Krinos, 
was  appointed  director  of  this  institute,  Landerer  was  obliged  to  withdraw 
from  the  chair  whicli  he  had  filled  gratuitously  for  25  years.  After  the  de- 
thronement of  Otho  in  1862  and  the  accession  of  Georg  I  to  the  throne, 
Landerer  opened  a  pharmacy  in  Athens  and  soon  after  resigned  also  his 
professorship  in  the  University.  In  1831  he  commenced  to  write  fo'^  Buch- 
ner's  Repertorium,  his  communications  referring  mostly  to  the  origin  and 
uses  of  Oriental  remedies.  More  recently  and  up  to  within  a  short  time  of 
his  death  he  contributed  similar  brief  notes  to  other  Journals,  many  being 
on  the  same  subjects  which  years  ago  were  discussed  in  the  Repertorium. 
Of  late  years  Landerer's  health  failed  and  he  was  mostly  confined  to  his 
house  or  to  his  bed  until  his  sutt'erings  were  terminated  by  his  death,  which 
took  place  at  Athens,  July  19  (old  style  July  7),  1885,  at  the  age  of  76  years. 
The  deceased  was  honorary  president  of  the  Panhellenic  pharmaceutical 
society,  and  an  honorary  or  corresponding  member  of  a  number  of  scien- 
tific societies,  among  them  of  the  American  Pharmaceutical  Association, 
and  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  Four  daughters,  of  whom 
three  are  married,  survive  the  deceased. 
Professor  Henri  Milne-Edwards  died  at  Paris  in  August,  1885,  hav- 
ing nearly  completed  his  85th  year.  He  was  born  in  Bruges,  Belgium, 
October  23,  1800,  and  studied  medicine  in  Paris  where  he  graduated  in 
1823.  He  wrote  a  work  on  Materia  Medica  in  1832  and  a  hospital  formulary 
in  1840  ;  but  he  is  best  known  and  acquired  fame  by  his  researches  in  com- 
parative anatomj^,  zoology  and  in  natural  history,  chiefly  on  the  lower 
animals  such  as  the  Radiata,  Mollusca,  Articulata,  Crustacea,  etc.  He  was 
first  appointed  professor  of  natural  history  to  the  Lyceum  of  Henry  IV, 
and  afterwards  to  the  Museum  of  the  Faculty  of  Sciences.  In  1838  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  Academie  des  Sciences  to  succeed  Cuvier  ;  in  1854 
he  became  a  member  of  the  Academie  de  Medecine,  and  in  1862  he  suc- 
ceeded Saint-Hilaire  as  professor  of  zoology  ;  he  was  also  honorary  member 
of  a  number  of  scientific  societies. 
