502 
Tindwe  of  Vanilla. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Oct.,  1885. 
than  half  that  of  a  proportionate  amount  of  the  raw  product.  This 
tincture  is  therefore  twice  as  strong  at  half  the  cost  of  that  as  ordina- 
rily made,  or  a  difference  in  its  favor  as  four  to  one. 
Although  diluted  alcohol  is  necessary  for  extracting  the  activity 
from  the  crude  substances,  a  much  weaker  alcohol  will  suffice  for  sim- 
ply holding  the  principles  in  solution.  Two  pints  of  alcohol  to  the 
gallon  of  tincture  is  ample.  The  crystals  dissolve  but  slowly  in  25  per 
cent,  alcohol,  but  almost  instantly  in  strong  alcohol,  which  solution 
may  then  be  diluted  without  change.  It  has  been  deemed  advisable 
to  add  some  glycerin  to  the  tincture,  as  it  is  held  that  such  addition  is 
beneficial  in  bringing  out  flavors  of  all  kinds.  The  tincture  is  colored 
with  liquid  caramel  or  sugar  color,  and  thus  presents  the  full  appear- 
ance of  that  obtained  from  the  natural  bodies.  It  is  prepared  accord- 
ing to  the  following  formula: 
Vanillin,  crystallized   3  drachms. 
Coumarin,       "    1  " 
Caramel,  liquid   2  fluidrachms. 
Glycerin   4  fluidounces. 
Alcohol   2  pints. 
Water  sufficient  to  make  1  gallon. 
Dissolve  the  vanillin  and  coumarin  in  the  alcohol  and  add  four 
})ints  of  water.  Mix  the  caraniel  and  glycerin  with  one  pint  of  water 
and  pour  it  into  the  first  solution,  together  with  enough  more  water  to 
make  the  tincture  measure  one  gallon,  and  filter  it  if  necessary. 
CholactOGUEs.— Dr.  Baldi,  in  the  Archives  Italiennes  de  Biologie,  gives 
a  series  of  experiments  with  reputed  chologogues.  The  Doctor  is  not  in 
accordance  with  either  Rohrig  or  Rutherford.  Rohrig  found  that  colocynth 
was  the  most  active  chologogue,  and  then  jalap,  aloes,  senna,  and  rhubarb. 
Rutherford  believed  the  order  to  be,  prodophyllin,  rhubarb,  bloes,  colocj^nth, 
and  senna.  Baldi  experimented  with  podophyllin,  rhubarb,  jalap,  pilo- 
carpine, aud  Carlsbad  water ;  and  from  his  results  is  inclined  to  doubt  the 
chologogue  value  of  all  these  agents. —  Pac.  Med.  and  Surg.  Jour.,  May.  1885. 
Jaboraxdi  IX  Obstix^ate  Hiccough.— Pagenstecher  (Ctrlbl.  f.  d.  ges. 
Therap.)  reports  a  case  of  hiccough  which  had  resisted  every  known 
remedy,  including  the  bromides,  morphine,  chloroform,  and  electricity. 
The  patient's  diaphragm  contracted  in  the  most  violent  manner  about 
twenty  or  thirty  times  a  minute,  and  he  had  been  unable  to  take  any  nour- 
ishment for  three  days.  After  receiving  four  grams  of  jaborandi-1  eaves,  in 
the  form  a  decoction,  he  had  a  profuse  perspiration,  after  which  the  hic- 
cough was  completely  checked. — The  South.  Pract  ,  May,  1885 
