'^"^'ocT'^is^s^'™'}        International  Pharmaeeutical  Congress.  527 
3.  The  minimum  of  knowledge  required  of  pharmacists  should  be 
defined. 
4.  The  title  of  "  doctor  of  pharmacy  "  should  replace  other  titles  now  in 
use. 
5.  In  the  absence  of  the  proprietor  the  business  should  be  conducted  by 
a  person  possessing  the  diploma  of  "  candidate  "  or  "  assistant." 
6.  As  a  subsidiary  object,  the  number  of  pharmacies  should  be  limited 
proportional  to  the  population. 
In  the  evening  the  General  Pharmaceutical  Association  of  Belgium 
entertained  the  members  of  the  Congress  and  their  ladies  by  a  garden 
party  and  concert  in  the  Bois  de  la  Cambre. 
On  Thursday,  September  3,  an  excursion  was  had  to  the  city  of  Ghent^ 
where  the  Pharmaceutical  Association  of  East  Flanders  held  a  meeting 
and  elected  a  number  of  honorary  members  ;  subsequently  different  places 
of  interest  were  visited. 
On  Friday,  September  4,  the  business  of  the  sections  was  resumed.  In 
the  first  section,  Mr.  Petit  presiding,  the  reports  on  the  regulation  of  the 
practice  of  pharmacy  by  Mr.  Bratimos,  and  on  pharmaceutical  legislation, 
made  in  the  name  of  the  Pbarmaceutical  Society  of  Athens,  were  discussed, 
and  a  resolution  was  adopted  that  the  public  interests  required  the  limi- 
tation of  the  number  of  pharmacies.  In  the  third  section,  Mr.  Belval,  pre- 
sident, Mr.  Van  Hamel  Boos,  of  Amsterdam,  reported  on  the  adulteration 
of  food,  and  a  resolution  was  carried  favoring  the  publication  of  an  inter- 
national journal  devoted  to  this  subject.  Papers  on  the  plastering  of  wines^ 
on  alimentary  waters,  on  the  purification  of  waters  by  filtration,  etc.,  were 
read,  and  the  busijiess  of  the  section  was  closed.  The  second  and  fourth 
sections  had  combined.  Prof.  De  Nobele,  of  Ghent,  in  the  chair,  discussed 
the  suppression  of  the  trade  in  proprietary/  medicines,  listened  to  papers  by 
Mr.  Limousin  and  Mr.  Lotze,  and  adopted  a  resolution  offered  by  Mr.  Von 
Waldheim  declaring  the  pharmacist  to  be  justified  in  rej^eating  any  pre- 
scription except  where  the  physician  has  given  written  directions  to  the 
contrary.    The  sections  then  closed  their  sessions. 
At  the  third  general  session,  held  in  the  afternoon  of  Friday,  the  Execu- 
tive Committee  of  the  Congress  was  charged  with  the  duty  of  carrying  out 
such  measures  relating  to  iDharmaceutical  education  which  had  been 
approved  by  the  Congress.  The  subject  of  alimentary/  ivaters  was  then 
taken  up,  and  the  discussion  continued  at  the  fourth  general  session  on. 
Saturday  morning,  Septembers,  when  the  conclusions  were  adopted  fornm- 
lated  by  Mr.  Van  de  Vy  vere  in  his  lengthy  report  on  "  Alimentary  waters," 
to  indicate  the  characters  of  a  potable  water.  These  conclusions  are  as 
follows : 
1.  Potable  water  should  be  limpid,  transparent,  colorless,  inodorous  and 
free  from  suspended  matters. 
2.  It  should  be  cool,  of  an  agreeable  taste,  its  temperature  should  not  vary 
materially  and  should  not  rise  above  15°  C. 
3.  It  should  be  aerated,  and  contain  a  certain  quantity  of  carbonic  acid 
in  solution  ;  the  air  contained  in  it  should  consist  of  30  to  33  per  cent,  of 
oxygen. 
