Am.  Jour  Pharm., ) 
Dec,  1885.  j 
Reviews. 
637 
Wii^consin ;  pp.87.  The  seventh  meeting  will  take  place  at  Fond  du 
Lac,  August  10,  1886  ;  F.  M.  Givings,  local  secretary. 
Orundlagen  der  Pharmacognosie.  Einleitung  in  das  Studinm  der  Roh- 
stofFe  des  Pflanzenreiches.  Von  F.  A  Fliickiger  and  A.  Tschirch.  Ber- 
lin :  Julius  Springer,  1885.    8vo,  pp.  257. 
Principles  of  Pharniacognqsy.  Introduction  into  the  study  of  the  crude 
products  of  the  vegetable' kingdom. 
When  the  first  edition  of  this  work  made  its  appearance,  in  1873,  it  was 
duly  noticed  in  this  Journal ;  and  now,  on  the  publication  of  the  second 
and  enlarged  edition,  we  may  refer  to  what  we  then  said  concerning  the 
importance  of  such  a  treatise  as  a  guide  in  the  preliminary^  study  of  histo- 
logy, preceding  the  study  of  vegetable  drugs. 
In  this  new  edition  the  arrangement  of  the  material  remains  in  the 
main  as  before,  and  it  is  chiefly  in  the  details  that  differences  are  observed^ 
not  merely  in  incorporating  the  results  of  the  more  recent  investigations, 
but  also  in  the  enlarged  scope. 
The  first  part  of  the  work,  relating  to  the  study  of  materia  medica  in 
general,  has  been  revised  and  rewritten  by  Prof.  Fliickiger,  in  his  usual 
clear  and  comprehensive  manner.  The  second  part  of  the  work,  relating 
to  morphology  and  anatomy,  has  been  rewritten  and  materially  enlarged 
by  Prof.  Tschirch.  After  considering  the  various  morphological  parts  of 
plants,  such  as  roots,  rhizomes,  wood,  bark,  leaves,  etc.,  the  remaining  por- 
tion, about  two-thirds  of  the  work,  is  devoted  to  vegetable  anatomy,  begin- 
ning with  the  cell,  its  contents,  the  cell  wall,  the  cell  forms,  etc.,  and  pass- 
ing then  to  the  differeut  tissues,  keeping  in  view,  besides  the  anatomical 
structure,  also  the  physiological  functions  of  the  same.  The  different  con- 
ditions of  the  tissues,  and  the  development  of  the  various  forms,  are 
explained  and  illustrated  almost  exclusively  from  ofUcinal  drugs,  or  from 
parts  of  plants  in  which  officinal  secretions  or  excretions  are  produced; 
the  study  of  vegetable  anatomy  is  thus  invested  with  peculiar  interest  to 
the  student  of  materia  medica.  A  brief  chaj^ter  on  pathological  growths, 
galls,  and  another  on  micro-chemical  reagents  conclude  the  work. 
The  subject  matter  of  the  work,  the  lucid  and  attractive  manner  of  its 
treatment,  the  literary  references,  and  the  handsome  illustrations  (186  in 
number),  all  combine  to  make  the  work  a  most  valuable  one;  and  we  are 
pleased  to  learn  that  it  is  likely  to  become  also  accessible  to  those  who  are 
not  conversant  with  the  German  language,  since  Prof.  F.  B.  Power  has 
undertaken  its  translation  into  English. 
Milk  Analysis  and  Infant  Feeding.  A  practical  treatise  on  the  examina- 
tion of  human  and  cows'  milk,  cream,  condensed  milk,  etc.,  and  direc- 
tions as  to  the  diet  of  young  infants.  By  Arthur  V.  Meigs,  M.D.,  etc. 
Philadelphia:  P.  Blakiston,  Son  &  Co.,  1885.  12mo,  j^p.  102.  Price,  in 
cloth,  %\. 
From  a  large  number  of  analyses  made  by  the  author  the  conclusion  is 
arrived  at  that  normal  human  milk  has  an  alkaline  reaction,  and  contains 
about  1  i)er  cent,  of  casein,  the  average  composition  of  the  milk  of  forty- 
three  women  being  water  87  163,  fat  4-283,  casein  1046,  sugar  7-407  and  ash 
