^gp/ember^^9'2'S:}     Methyl  Alcokol  aud  Ethyl  Alcohol.  639 
in  the  trade  as  Cologne  Spirit.  The  last  of  the  run  develops  some 
odor  again,  and  contains  aldehydes  which,  for  many  chemical  pur- 
poses, cause  disastrous  results. 
For  pharmaceutical  uses  and  for  chemical  uses,  the  heart  of  the 
run,  or  what  is  known  as  Cologne  Spirit,  is  all  that  is  fit  to  use.  The 
first  of  the  run,  which  is  called  the  heads,  and  the  last,  which  is 
called  the  tails,  are  mixed  together  to  be  used  for  ordinary  denatured 
alcohol  for  non-freezing  and  solvent  purposes. 
The  Internal  Revenue  Department  has  permitted  a  number 
of  formulas  of  Denatured  Alcohol  aside  from  those  which  are  author- 
ized for  Completely  Denatured  Alcohol,  that  can  be  sold  to  any- 
body. These  additional  formulas  are  known  as  special  formulas, 
and  can  be  bought  by  any  manufacturer  who  has  sufficient  responsi- 
bilities to  secure  bond.  Bond  must  be  given  for  the  amount  of  tax 
that  this  said  manufacturer  would  be  liable  to,  should  this  alcohol 
be  misused.  In  other  words,  the  manufacturer  must  give  bond 
enough  to  cover  $4.18  a  wine  gallon  for  every  gallon  of  alcohol 
which  he  uses,  or  has  on  hand  during  a  period  of  30  days. 
A  number  of  these  formulas  are  particularly  applicable  to  pharma- 
ceutical preparations,  but  it  must  be  definitely  understood  that  they 
are  only  to  be  used  for  the  purpose  for  which  they  are  specified,  and 
in  no  instance  are  they  to  be  resold,  except  as  the  finished  product 
for  which  they  are  intended. 
Since  the  first  of  the  year,  alcohol  prices  have  mounted  to  the 
highest  levels  on  record.  Sales  of  spot  ethyl  alcohol,  190  proof, 
have  been  recorded  during  the  past  month  at  figures  ranging  any- 
where from  $6.00  per  gallon  up  to  $8.00,  which  prices  consumers 
have  been  compelled  to  pay,  buying  in  a  resellers'  market.  For 
shipment  from  middle  western  or  southern  distilleries,  goods  have 
been  offered  at  $5.40  up  to  $5.75,  but  with  the  present  railroad 
situation,  the  actual  time  of  delivery  to  the  consumers'  plants  makes 
this  a  rather  uncertain  type  of  purchase.  Contracts  in  effect  be- 
tween distillers  and  consumers  at  the  present  time  are  understood  to 
be  priced  at  slightly  over  $5.00  although  a  contract  is  said  to 
be  no  assurance  of  obtaining  a  steady  supply  of  alcohol  to-day.  The 
fact  that  many  large  users  have  been  forced  into  the  open  market  to 
pick  up  spot  alcohol  in  any  way  that  they  have  been  able,  is  evi- 
dence of  the  general  shortage  of  supplies. 
Causes  of  Shortage. — In  speaking  before  an  association  of  one  of 
the  leading  consuming  industries  in  the  country,  the  president  of  a 
