734  Samples  of  "Grey"  Cinchona  Bark.    { o^tobeTi^2a'"™- 
The  bark  from  which  the  sample  was  taken  is  evidently  the  bark 
recognized  in  commerce  as  Huanuco  or  Lima  bark.  This  bark 
is  stated  by  Pereira  to  be  collected  in  Cuchero  and  Huanuco  and 
exported  from  the  Peruvian  port  of  Lima  (Callao).  In  his  time, 
about  1857,  two  distinct  barks  were  found  to  be  mixed  under  this 
name,  one  referred  to  Cinchona  nitida  R.  and  P.,  and  the  other  to 
C.  micrantha  Wedd.,  the  C.  nitida  being  distinguished  as  "fine  grey 
bark"  and  the  C.  micrantha  as  "inferior  or  coarse  grey  bark"  and 
(Pereira,  "Mat.  Med.,"  4th  Ed.,  1857,  Vol.  II,  Pt.  II,  p.  98,  99), 
but  both  of  these  barks  were  then  imperfectly  known.  But  the 
various  species  sent  into  commerce  under  the  name  of  grey  or 
Huanuco  bark  appear  to  have  changed  in  course  of  time,  for  Vogl, 
*'Pharmacognosie,"  p.  286,  states  that  Huanuco  bark  was  then 
(1896)  derived  from  C.  macrocalyx,  mixed  with  a  large  proportion 
of  the  barks  of  C.  ovata  and  C.  Peruviana ,  but  rarely  with  that  of 
C.  micrantha, 
Planchon,  * 'Drogues  Simples,"  Vol.  II,  p.  124  (1896),  states  that 
the  Huanuco  bark  w.as  usually  derived  from  three  distinct  species, 
viz.,  Cinchona  nitida  R.  and  P.,  C.  micrantha  R.  and  P.,  and 
C.  Peruviana  How.,  the  first  named  being  then  very  rare,  and  C. 
Peruviana  constituting  the  principal  portion  of  Huanuco  bark. 
Fortunately,  he  gave  two  illustrations  of  the  microscopic  structure 
of  C.  nitida  and  C.  Peruviana  How.,  that  of  C.  nitida  agreeing 
fairly  well  with  the  illustration  of  that  bark  in  Berg's  "Anatomischer 
Atlas,"  published  in  1865.  taf.  34,  No.  80,  where  an  illustration  of 
C.  micrantha  is  also  given  on  the  same  page.  No.  82.  Berg,  how- 
ever, expressly  states  that  the  C.  nitida  he  illustrates  is  not  that 
described  by  J.  E.  Howard,  but  is  the  C.  nitida  of  Ruiz  and  Pavon, 
is  the  Cascarilla  Peruviana  of  Pavon.  Like  that  of  Planchon,  the 
illustration  indicates  the  absence  of  laticiferous  vessels  and  stone 
cells  in  the  cortical  parenchyma,  while  they  are  abundantly  present 
in  Planchon's  C.  Peruviana.  This  species,  however,  is  not  given  in 
Berg's  atlas.  These  two  features  are  also  absent  from  the  illustra- 
tion of  C.  micrantha  given  by  Berg. 
The  specimen  of  Huanuco  bark  recently  received  from  B.  F. 
Howard  is  seen  under  the  microscope  to  consist  chiefly  of  bark  be- 
longing to  the  group  in  which  laticiferous  cells  and  sclerenchymatous 
cells  are  distributed  through  the  cortical  parenchyma.  This  group 
includes  Cinchona  ovata,  C.  Pelleteriana,  C.  Peruviana,  C.  pur- 
purea and  C.  umbellifera.    The  bark  in  question  must  therefore 
