^"■August!^92o:}      Pharmaceutical  Events  in  i8yo.  567 
Still  another  pharmacognosist,  Prof.  August  Wiggers,  of  Gottingen 
was  honored  by  the  so-called  Wiggers  Stiftung,  an  endowment  for 
pharmacy  students. 
Ferdinand  Tiemann,  discoverer  of  synthetic  Vanillin  from 
Coniferin,  became  assistant  to  August  Wilhelm  Hofmann,  professor 
of  chemistry,  University  of  Berlin,  the  discoverer  of  fuchsin  (1858), 
which  laid  the  foundation  for  the  aniline  industry  in  Germany. 
George  M.  Ebers  was  appointed  professor  at  the  University  of 
Leipzig.  This  egyptologist  became  famous  through  finding  and 
acquiring  the  Papyrus  Ebers  in  1872  in  Thebes,  which  formulary 
was  written  about  1600  B.C.  and  serves  as  an  excellent  illustration 
of  the  old  Egyptian  materia  medica. 
Oswald  Schmiedeberg,  the  celebrated  pharmacologist  of  digitalis 
fame,  was  called  to  a  professorship  at  the  University  Dorpat. 
INVENTIONS  AND  DISCOVE^RIES. 
Condurango,  long  a  household  remedy  in  the  northern  part  of 
South  America,  against  snake  bites,  cancerous  and  syphilitic  diseases, 
was  introduced  into  the  materia  medica  of  the  United  States  by 
Drs.  Caesares  and  Equigureu,  of  Loja,  and  Dr.  Thomas  Antisel,  of 
Washington,  D.  C. 
In  March,  1870,  Cloez  reports  in  Journal  de  Pharmacie  et  de 
Chimie,  4  series  XII,  291,  an  elaborate  study  of  Eucalyptus  leaves. 
The  drug  was  then  introduced  into  medicine  and  the  tree  was  planted 
in  malarial  districts. 
The  manufacture  of  Sulphuric  Acid  Anhydride,  SO3,  began  by 
CI.  Winter,  in  Freiburg,  Saxony,  and  by  Messel  &  Squire,  near 
London. 
Marcellin  Berthelot,  pharmacien,  professor,  senator  and  mem- 
ber of  cabinet,  synthesized  Benzene  or  Benzol,  CeHe. 
Friedel  and  Craft  synthesized  aromatic  hydrocarbons. 
C.  Grabe,  of  Geneva,  determined  the  constitution  of  Anthracene 
and  Phenanthrene. 
Oswald  Hesse  discovers  four  more  alkaloids  in  opium,  namely, 
codamine,  Laudamine,  Lanthopine  and  Meconidine. 
Hesse  determines  the  molecular  formula  of  the  opium  alkaloid 
Thebaine,  isolated  by  Thibourney  in  1835,  as  C19H23O3N. 
Hesse  also  determines  the  constitution  of  Narcotine. 
C.  R.  A.  Wright  completes  his  researches  on  the  chemical  struc- 
ture of  Morphine,  began  in  i860. 
