ON CINCHONA. 
321 
Calisaya bark {Quinquina Calisaya of Guibourt;) and 
which Humboldt says is derived from a province of that name 
in South Peru, in which the tree yielding this bark grows. 
In English commerce it is known merely by the name of 
yellow bark, an appellation rather unfortunate, as we shall 
presently find, since the same term is applied on the continent 
to another variety — the Carthagena bark. 
Commerce. — It is imported in serons and chests. 
Varieties and characters. — In commerce, two varieties 
of yellow bark are met with — namely, the quilled and the 
flat. The finest quills are selected for filling the show bottles 
in druggists' windows; and in some of the shops at the west 
end of London very fine samples are seen. 
(a.) Quilled yellow bark {Cinchona regia tubulata seu 
convoluta.) — The quills vary in length from 3 to 18 inches, — 
in diameter, from 2 lines to 1^ or even 2 inches, — in thick- 
ness, from \ to 6 or 7 lines. Very small quills, however, are 
rare; those usually met with having a diameter of from 1 to 
\\ inches, and a thickness of from 3 to 6 lines. Sometimes 
they are doubly, though in general they are singly quilled. 
The quills are in general coated. On their external surface 
they are marked by longitudinal wrinkles and furrows, and 
predominating transverse cracks, which often form complete 
circles around the quills, and whose edges are usually raised. 
These furrows and cracks give a very rough character to this 
kind of bark, by which, indeed, it may be readily distinguish- 
ed from the large quills of the gray or Huanuco bark. The 
color of the epidermis is more or less light gray; in those spots 
where the epidermis is wanting, the outer surface of the bark 
is of a brown color. In other characters the quilled and flat 
pieces agree. 
{b.) Flat yellow bark {Cinchona regia plana.) The 
pieces of this variety are from 8 to 15 even or 18 inches long, 
— from 1 to 3 inches broad — from 1 to 5 lines thick. They are 
but little curved or arched. In general the pieces are uncoated 
{China regia nuda.) Sometimes the uncoated pieces are found 
by drying to have become convex on the inner, and concave on 
VOL. v. — NO, IV. 41 
