324 
SELECTED ARTICLES. 
attending the first introduction of red bark into English, or I 
may say into European, practice. It deserves, however, to be 
noticed, that some South American travellers had already 
alluded to a red bark, {Cascarilla colorada,) though it is un- 
certain whether they referred to this variety. 
The red bark of English commerce is synonymous with 
the China rubra of Bergen and other German pharmaco- 
graphists. It includes the Quinquina rouge non verruqueux 
and the Quinquina rouge verruqueux of M. Guibourt. 
Commerce. — It is imported in chests; never, I believe, in 
serons. Good red bark may be regarded as comparatively 
scarce; and I am informed by,.an experienced dealer that it 
was formerly imported in much larger sized pieces than are 
now met with. 
Characters. — It occurs in quills and flat pieces. The quills 
vary in diameter from two lines to an inch and a quarter; in 
thickness from one-third to two lines; in length from two to 
twelve or more inches. The so-called flat pieces are fre- 
quently slightly curled: their breadth is from one to five 
inches; their thickness from one-third to three-quarters of an 
inch; their length from two inches to two feet. Red bark is 
usually coated; its outer surface is usually rough, wrinkled, 
furrowed, and frequently warty: the presence of warts consti- 
tutes the variety called by Guibourt Quinquina rouge verru- 
queux. The color of the epidermis varies: in the thinner 
quills it is grayish brown, or faint red brown; in thick quills 
and flat pieces it varies from a reddish brown to a chesnut 
brown, frequently with a purplish tinge. As a general rule 
it may be said that the larger and coarser the quills and pieces, 
the deeper the color. Cryptogamic plants are not so frequent 
on this as on some other kinds of bark. The rete mucosum 
is frequently thick and spongy in red bark, much more so 
than in yellow bark. The inner surface of the bark is, in fine 
quills, finely fibrous; in large quills and flat pieces, coarsely 
fibrous, or even splintery: its color increases with the thick- 
ness and size of the pieces: thus in fine quills it is light rusty 
brown; in thick quills and flat pieces it is a deep reddish or 
