Am'iS^i893?rm-}      Researches  on  Opium  Alkaloids.  239 
The  following  analyses  point  to  the  formula  : 
C37H38N209 
for  the  new  base. 
(1)  -3528  grm.  gave  -8734  C02  and  -1868  H20. 
(2)  -3180  grm.  gave  7828  C02  and  -1712  H20. 
(3)  -2402  grm.  gave  -5933  C02  and  -1280  H20. 
(4)  -289  grm.  gave  1 1*2  cc.  N;  B  =  753  mm.;  t  =  150  C.  or 
•013  grm.  N. 
HYDROXANTHAUNE. 
Calculated  for 
C3TH38N209  C36H38No09 
C,   67-89  67-29 
H>   5'8i  5*92 
N,   4'28  4-36 
Found 
1  -  2  3 
67-52  67-14  67-36 
5 '90  5*98  5*92 
4"5° 
A  simultaneous  combustion  of  salicylic  acid  under  the  same  con- 
ditions, furnished  the  following  values: 
Calculated  for  C7H603.  Found. 
C,  60-87  60*72 
H,   4*35   4*38 
There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  formula  with 
the  higher  carbon  for  hydroxanthaline.  It  is  nearly  insoluble  in 
water,  but  dissolves  very  freely  in  alcohol,  benzene  and  similar 
solvents.  It  forms  colorless  salts  which  are  very  soluble  but  crys- 
tallize well.  The  least  trace  of  this  alkaloid  at  once  forms,  with 
strong  sulphuric  acid,  a  deep  violet  solution,  which  becomes  color- 
less on  dilution  with  water,  but  is  reproduced  by  adding  more  acid. 
This  color  test  is  extremely  delicate,  and  resembles  that  for 
cryptopine,  with  this  difference,  that  with  the  latter  alkaloid  a  trace 
of  nitric  acid  is  necessary  to  develop  the  color,  while  with  hydrox- 
anthaline pure  sulphuric  acid  produces  it  at  once. 
Gnoscopine. — This  alkaloid,  which  was  discovered  in  1878,1  and 
to  which  the  formula  C34H36N2Ou  was  then  ascribed,  has  since  been 
obtained  in  larger  quantity,  which  allowed  of  its  being  more  closely 
studied.  The  hydrochlorate  was  prepared  in  an  absolutely  pure 
state,  and  the  alkaloid  obtained  from  this  pure  salt,  by  precipitation 
and  recrystallization  from  boiling  alcohol,  was  subjected  to  analysis. 
1  Pharm.  Journ.  and  Trans.,  [3],  9,  p.  82. 
