Amjinenis93arm'}   Rise  of  Salt  Solutions  in  Bibulous  Paper.  289 
then  either  sodium  or  ammonium  hydrate  solution  added  in  such 
a  way  as  to  form  a  distinct  layer  without  mixing  ;  at  the  line  of  con- 
tact there  is  first  produced  a  blue  ring,  which  intensifies  upon  stand- 
ing and  later  spreads  throughout  the  alkaline  solution  ;  using 
sodium  hydrate  the  color  has  a  tinge  of  violet,  with  ammonium  hydrate 
a  pure  blue.  In  complex  mixtures  the  sucrol  should  first  be 
extracted  with  ether  and  the  ether-residue  used. — (Therap.  Blaetter) 
Oesterr.  Ztschr.  f.  Pharm.,  1893,  261. 
Crude  carbolic  acid  and  wood  tar  can  be  made  soluble  in  water  by- 
substituting  crude  oleic  acid  for  the  powdered  rosin  in  the  formulas 
given  in  the  Am.  Journ.  Pharm.,  1893,221.  Using  the  so-called 
100  per  cent,  crude  carbolic  acid,  a  product  results,  soluble  in  any 
portion  of  water  and  makes  a  clear  solution  with  petroleum  ether. 
Using  the  50  per  cent,  carbolic  acid  it  was  impossible  to  get  a  pro- 
duct dissolving  in  water  or  even  forming  an  emulsion.  Birch-tary 
by  the  modified  formula,  gave  an  almost  solid  mass,  which,  with 
water,  gave  after  some  time,  a  turbid  solution;  but,  here  again,  no 
proportions  could  be  ascertained  so  as  to  make  a  clear  solution. 
Fir-tar,ho\vQver ,  by  the  modified  formula,  gave  a  satisfactory  prepara- 
tion.— E.  Hirschsohn,  Pharm.  Ztschr.  f.  Russl,  1893,  l4%* 
RISE  OF  SALT  SOLUTIONS  IN  BIBULOUS  PAPER.1 
By  E.  Fischer  and  E.  Schmidmer. 
Schbnbein's  experiments  have  shown  that  when  diduIous  paper 
is  dipped  into  an  aqueous  solution  of  a  salt,  the  water  rises  more 
quickly  than  the  salt,  and  that  the  relative  height  attained  by  the 
latter  is  different  for  different  substances  ;  it  is  possible,  therefore,  to 
recognize  the  presence  of  the  several  constituents  of  a  solution  by 
taking  advantage  of  this  difference  in  behavior.  The  authors  are  of 
opinion  that  the  separation  referred  to  is  brought  about  by  the 
difference  in  the  diffusibility  of  the  dissolved  substances,  a  view 
which  is  supported  by  the  fact  that  in  the  case  of  two  salts,  the  one 
with  the  greater  diffusion  velocity  rises  more  rapidly  in  the  bibulous 
paper ;  the  diffusion  phenomena  of  all  solutions  which  moisten 
bibulous  paper  can,  in  fact,  be  studied  in  this  way  just  as  well  as 
with  the  aid  of  membranes.    The  apparatus  employed  for  the 
1  Annalen,  272,  156-169  ;  Jour.  Chem.  Soc,  1893,  Abstr.  li,  109. 
