Am j^iy'"!^"1'}         Insects  Injurious  to  Drugs.  325 
moth  of  this  genus.  Fig.  13  is  the  larva  or  caterpillar,  Fig.  14.  the 
case  or  roll  in  which  it  lives  ;  Fig.  12  is  the  pupa  or  resting  stage, 
and  Fig.  11  is  the  adult  moth.  The  moth  is  very,  small  and  light 
brown  in  color.  Another  moth,  known  as  the  Angoumis  grain  moth 
(it  does  great  havoc  to  stored  grain  in  the  province  of  Angoumois, 
France  ;  hence  the  name),  attacks  in  the  caterpillar  stage  all  kinds 
of  stored  grain.  It  bores  holes  into  the  grain  kernels  and  eats  out 
the  starchy  interior,  leaving  only  a  delusive  hollow  shell.  The 
illustrations  Figs.  6,  7,  8,  9,  show  its  various  stages  and  the  appear- 
ance of  the  infested  grain  kernels.  The  larva  of  Carpocapsa  amflana, 
a  moth  of  the  same  genus  as  the  codlin  moth,  the  greatest  insect 
pest  of  the  apple,  infests  the  seeds  of  Corylus  avellana,  Juglans 
regia  and  Castanea  vesca.  The  larva  of  Myelois  ceratonia  feasts  on 
the  fruits  of  Ceratonia  siliqua  and  Castanea  vesca.  The  larva  of  the 
moth  CEcophaga  oliviella  inhabits  the  kernels  of  the  olive,  causing 
the  dropping  of  the  fruit  and  a  smaller  yield  of  oil. 
Passing  now  to  another  order  of  insects,  the  two-winged  flies,  we  find 
that  while  the  mouth  parts  of  the  adult  flies  are  adapted  for  suck- 
ing or  lapping,  the  young  flies,  which  appear  as  grubs  or  maggots, 
are  better  prepared  to  partake  of  solid  food.  The  olive  in  southern 
France  and  Italy  is  infested  by  a  larva  of  a  fly  known  as  Dacus  olece  ; 
in  the  kernels  of  fresh  hazel  nuts  are  often  found  the  larvae  of  a  fly 
which  belongs  to  the  same  genus  as  that  notorious  wheat  pest, 
the  Hessian  fly  (see  Fig.  75).  The  fly  Trypeta  armcivora  (see  Figs,  ig 
and  20,  illustrating  a  nearly  allied  species,  pomonelld)  is  often 
gathered  in  its  youthful  state  with  arnica  flowers  and  becomes 
developed  later  on,  after  feeding  on  the  flowers  in  the  pharmacist's 
canisters. 
About  two  months  ago  I  placed  a  notice  in  the  leading  pharma- 
ceutical journals  of  the  United  States,  in  which  I  asked  that  any 
insects  found  destroying  drugs  should  be  sent  to  me  in  order  that 
they  might  be  studied.  As  a  result,  several  packages  of  drugs 
damaged  by  insects  have  been  received  from  different  parts  of  the 
country,  giving  an  excellent  opportunity  to  pursue  the  study  further. 
As  a  result  of  this  latter  work  I  will  refer  to  Plate  II. 
From  P.  R.  Brooks,  of  Miles  Grove,  Pa.,  was  received  pressed 
packages  of  peppermint,  marshmallow  leaves,  skull  cap,  wormwood 
and  thorn  apple.  All  of  these  drugs  were  infested  by  a  small  brown 
beetle  5  to  7  mm.  in  length,  2  mm.  in  width,  with  longitudinal  rows 
